परिभाषा

The bones of the back are called the vertebrae. A vertebral fracture is a break in one of these bones. A vertebral compression fracture occurs when the front part of the bone is squeezed or compressed.

कशेरुकी संपीड़न फ्रैक्चर

का कारण बनता है

A vertebral compression fracture can be caused by:

  • Osteoporosis—a condition of weakened bones
  • A blow to the back
  • Falling down
  • Landing on your heels when jumping from a height
  • Having major trauma (for example, from a motor vehicle accident)

जोखिम कारक

Other than trauma, osteoporosis is the main cause of most vertebral compression fractures.

Factors that increase the risk of osteoporosis include:

  • Race: Caucasian or Asian
  • लिंग: महिला
  • Advancing age:
    • Females: 60 and older
    • Males: 70 and older
  • Postmenopausal
  • आघात
  • अतिगलग्रंथिता
  • Use of certain medicines:
    • Long-acting benzodiazepines
    • ट्राइसाइक्लिक एंटीडिप्रेसेंट्स
    • Anticonvulsants
    • Long-term steroid use
  • Limited physical activity
  • Housebound
  • खराब पोषण
  • धूम्रपान
  • Mother or maternal grandmother with hip fracture (a genetic disposition)
  • Other factors that may increase the risk of vertebral fractures include the following:
    • Use of antipsychotic medicines
    • Poor mental functioning
    • Poor mobility
    • Poor strength
    • Previous vertebral fracture within the last year

लक्षण

Symptoms may include mild-to-severe pain in the middle or lower back.

निदान

आपका डॉक्टर आपके लक्षणों और चिकित्सा इतिहास के बारे में पूछेगा। एक शारीरिक परीक्षा ली जाएगी।

Test may include:

  • X-rays of the spine—to look for a fracture
  • MRI scan—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body
  • सीटी स्कैन- एक प्रकार का एक्स-रे जो शरीर के अंदर संरचनाओं के चित्र बनाने के लिए कंप्यूटर का उपयोग करता है
  • Bone scan—a test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone activity
  • Bone mineral density test—to help determine if you have osteoporosis, and if so, how severe it is

उपचार

उपचार में शामिल हैं:

सर्जरी

कशेरुकसंधान involves liquid cement being injected into the vertebra. It can help relieve the pain associated with vertebral fractures. It is not suitable for everyone. The procedure may be best for recent fractures. Talk with your doctor to see if this option may be right for you. For example, it may not be as helpful in people whose fractures are due to osteoporosis.

In kyphoplasty, a balloon is used to create a cavity. The cement is injected into the cavity. This procedure is designed to relieve pain. It can also improve spinal deformities from the fractures.

Nonsurgical Treatments

आपका डॉक्टर लिख सकता है:

  • Brief period of bed rest and a decrease in activity
  • Medicine to control the pain
  • Strengthening exercises for your back muscles
  • Back brace

Treatment for Osteoporosis

दवाएं

To prevent further bone loss, medicines may include:

  • Estrogen/progesterin hormone replacement therapy
  • Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate)
  • Estrogen agonist/antagonist (raloxifene)
  • Calcitonin (Miacalcin, Fortical)
  • Parathyroid hormone

Your doctor may also recommend the following to maintain your bones:

  • Vitamin and mineral supplements, especially calcium and vitamin D—Studies indicate that the combination of calcium and vitamin D appears to help bone loss.
  • Lifestyle changes—These may include weight-bearing and resistance exercises for both the upper and lower extremities.

रोकथाम

Building strong bones will help prevent fractures. However, most bone strength is attained by women before they are 25 years old. That makes maintaining bone density and strength at older ages even more important.

  • Get plenty of weight-bearing exercise. This includes walking, jogging, or sports such as tennis.
  • Do resistance exercises for arms and legs. This will help to improve your strength and balance.
  • Get plenty of calcium, vitamin D, and protein in your diet. Talk to your doctor if you think you need supplements.
  • If you have osteoporosis, you should talk to your doctor about treatment options. If you had an early menopause, talk to your doctor about this.
  • Stop smoking. Drink alcohol only in moderation. Moderate alcohol intake is two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.
  • Eliminate any obstacles in your home that could cause you to fall. These may include throw rugs or furniture.
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