भारत में प्रोग्रेसिव मल्टीफोकल ल्यूकोएनसेफालोपैथी का उपचार, कारण, लक्षण और शीर्ष अस्पताल

का कारण बनता है

PML is caused by a papovavirus, known as JC virus. Most people get this infection in childhood, and it produces no illness. It reactivates later in life in people who have a suppressed immune system (eg, HIV/AIDS).

जोखिम कारक

The most common risk factor is having HIV/AIDS. PML is rarely associated with:

• Leukemia and lymphoma
• यक्ष्मा
• सारकॉइडोसिस
• Prolonged immunosuppression (organ transplant or cancer patients)
• Chronic steroid therapy
• Rare inherited immunodeficiencies
• Natalizumab (medicine used to treat multiple sclerosis)

लक्षण

If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to PML. These लक्षण उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं by other conditions. Symptoms progress over weeks and include:

• नज़रों की समस्या
• Speech pronunciation problems
• Ataxia (loss of coordination)
• स्मरण शक्ति की क्षति
• Weakness in limbs
• व्यवहार परिवर्तन
• Cognitive changes
• Aphasia (loss of language capability)
• Seizures and headaches (rare)
• Sensory loss

निदान

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. She will also do a physical exam. Tests may include:

• MRI scan —a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the brain (key in the diagnosis)
• Spinal tap —removal of a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid to check for evidence of the JC virus in the brain
• रक्त और मूत्र परीक्षण
• मस्तिष्क बायोप्सी

उपचार

Treatment focuses on strategies to improve the immune system. If you have HIV, your doctor will most likely prescribe antiretroviral medicine to treat this condition. If PML has resulted from the drug natalizumab, your doctor will have you stop taking this drug and may recommend a plasma exchange to remove the drug from your blood system.

रोकथाम

Most people have been exposed to this virus. If you have HIV/AIDS, get treatment to minimize your risk.