परिभाषा
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. It affects the small airways and air sacs in the lungs.
Pneumonias are sometimes described by where and how you were infected, for example:
- Community-acquired pneumonia—acquired in the community (at school, work, gym)
- Nosocomial pneumonia—acquired in a hospital
- Aspiration pneumonia—happens when a foreign matter is inhaled (commonly happens while throwing up stomach contents)
का कारण बनता है
Pneumonia may be caused by:
- जीवाणु
- Virus—flu virus is common cause
- Other specific germs Atypical pneumonia
- Fungus—common in people with immuncompromised conditions like AIDS
आकांक्षा
जोखिम कारक
Factors that increase your chance of pneumonia include:
- Age: Infants, young children, and older adults
- Living in crowded living conditions (such as dormitories or nursing homes)
- धूम्रपान
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Trouble swallowing or coughing
- Having certain lung conditions:
- दमा
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- पुटीय तंतुशोथ
- Being on a ventilator
- दिल की बीमारी
- मधुमेह
- Weakened immune system
- कुपोषण
- Chronic exposure to certain chemicals (such as work in construction or agriculture)
लक्षण
Symptoms of pneumonia may include some or all of the following:
- खाँसी
- Increased phlegm production
- बुखार और ठंड लगना
- साँस लेने में तकलीफ़
- छाती में दर्द
- कमजोरी
निदान
आपका डॉक्टर आपके लक्षणों और चिकित्सा इतिहास के बारे में पूछेगा। एक शारीरिक परीक्षा ली जाएगी। किसी संक्रमण या संक्रमण के विशिष्ट कारणों का पता लगाने के लिए आपका डॉक्टर निम्नलिखित पूछ सकता है:
- रक्त परीक्षण
- मूत्र परीक्षण
- रक्त संस्कृतियाँ
- Sputum test—exam of phlegm
Your doctor may also need to take detailed pictures of your lungs. This is done with achest x-ray.
Pneumonia can cause problems with breathing. This may make it difficult for you to get enough oxygen. To measure the level of oxygen in your blood your doctor may do the following tests:
- पल्स ओक्सिमेट्री
- धमनी रक्त गैस
उपचार
Treatment of pneumonia depends on:
- What caused the pneumonia
- लक्षणों की गंभीरता
- Other factors, like your overall health
People with severe pneumonia may need to be hospitalized.
दवाएं
Common treatment approaches include:
- Antibiotics—for pneumonia caused by bacteria
- टिप्पणी: Antibiotics are ineffective for treating viral pneumonia.
- Antiviral medications—for pneumonia caused by a virus in young children and people with weakened immune systems
It is very important to take the medication as prescribed. Stopping medication early may cause a relapse. It may also create a strain of drug-resistant bacteria. An infection with a drug-resistant bacteria can be more severe and harder to cure.
घर की देखभाल
These steps will help you stay strong while you recover:
- Get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids
- Eat a healthy diet. It should include lots of fruits and vegetables.
- If you do not get enough vitamin C in your diet, ask your doctor about a supplement. This may be beneficial for some.
- Take over-the-counter medication to reduce fever and aches.
रोकथाम
Certain vaccines may prevent pneumonia:
- Flu shot—pneumonia may be a complication of the flu for people at high risk, particularly the elderly
- Pneumococcal vaccine—General recommendations for this vaccine include:
- PCV vaccine series for children
- PPSV for adults aged 65 years and older and for younger people who have a high risk of infection
- Haemophilus influenzae vaccine—to protect against a bacteria that can cause pneumonia or meningitis, recommeded for
- Children in the United States who are younger than 5 years old
- Often is given to infants starting at 2 months of age
अन्य निवारक उपायों में शामिल हैं:
- Avoid smoking. Smoke weakens the lungs’ resistance to infection.
- Avoid close contact with people who have the cold or flu.
- Wash your hands often.
- Protect yourself on jobs that include chemicals or other lung irritants.
- Eat a healthy diet. If you do not get enough vitamin C or zinc in your diet, ask your doctor if you should take these supplements.
- Get adequate rest.
- नियमित रूप से व्यायाम करें।