परिभाषा
एनीमिया स्वस्थ लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं (आरबीसी) का निम्न स्तर है। आरबीसी फेफड़ों से ऑक्सीजन को शरीर के बाकी हिस्सों में ले जाते हैं। जब लाल रक्त कोशिकाएं कम होती हैं तो शरीर को पर्याप्त ऑक्सीजन नहीं मिल पाती है। यह थकान, पीली त्वचा, या अनियमित दिल की धड़कन जैसे लक्षण पैदा कर सकता है।
Pernicious anemia is associated with problems absorbing vitamin B12. This vitamin is needed to make healthy RBCs. Over time the low vitamin B12 levels will reduce the number of new RBCs. The sooner pernicious anemia is treated, the better the outcome. If you suspect you have this condition, contact your doctor.
का कारण बनता है
There are many possible causes of pernicious anemia. Some are listed below.
- Atrophic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)
- Removal of all or part of the stomach
- Immune system reaction to:
- Intrinsic factor—a protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption
- Cells that produce both intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid in the stomach
- आनुवंशिकी
जोखिम कारक
जोखिम कारक वह है जो किसी बीमारी या स्थिति के होने की संभावना को बढ़ा देता है।
The following factors increase your chance of developing pernicious anemia:
- Autoimmune disorders and other conditions, such as:
- Type 1 diabetes
- एडिसन के रोग
- Graves’ disease
- मियासथीनिया ग्रेविस
- Secondary amenorrhea
- हाइपोपैराथायरायडिज्म
- hypopituitarism
- Testicular dysfunction
- Chronic thyroiditis
- सफेद दाग
- Idiopathic adrenocortical insufficiency
- Ancestry: northern European or Scandinavian
- Age: over 50 years old
लक्षण
The symptoms of pernicious anemia can vary from person-to-person. Symptoms may change or worsen over time. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to pernicious anemia. These symptoms may be caused by other health conditions. If you experience any one of them, see your physician. Symptoms can include:
- Sensation of pins and needles in feet or hands
- Alternating constipation and diarrhea
- Stinging sensation on the tongue, or a smooth red tongue
- Substantial weight loss
- Inability to distinguish the colors yellow and blue
- थकान
- पीलापन
- Loss of hunger
- Altered sense of taste
- भ्रम
- अवसाद
- Impaired sense of balance, especially in the dark
- Ringing in the ears
- Cracked lips
- बुखार
- Inability to sense vibrations in feet or legs
- Dizziness when changing to standing position
- तीव्र हृदय गति
निदान
आपका डॉक्टर आपके लक्षणों और चिकित्सा इतिहास के बारे में पूछेगा, और एक शारीरिक परीक्षण करेगा।
परीक्षण शामिल हो सकते हैं निम्नलिखित:
- Complete blood count (CBC)—a count of the number of red and white blood cells in a blood sample
- Vitamin B12 level—a test that measures the amount of vitamin B12 in the blood
- Methylmalonic acid (MMA) level—a measurement of the amount of methylmalonic acid in the blood; this test determines whether a vitamin B12 deficiency exists.
- Homocysteine level—a test that measures the amount of homocysteine in the blood (homocysteine is a building block of protein)
- Schilling test—a test in which a harmless amount of radiation is used to assess the amount of stored vitamin B12 (rarely used)
- Red blood cell folate level—a measurement of the amount of a B vitamin called folate
- Intrinsic factor assay—a measurement of the amount of a protein called intrinsic factor normally produced by the stomach
- Bone marrow staining—a test that shows whether an iron deficiency exists
उपचार
अपने चिकित्सक के साथ बात के बारे में सबसे अच्छा उपचार योजना के लिए आप. उपचार के विकल्प में निम्न शामिल हैं:
Vitamin B12 Injections
The treatment consists of injections of vitamin B12 into a muscle. These injections are necessary because the intestines cannot absorb enough vitamin B12 without an adequate supply of intrinsic factor from the stomach.
Oral Vitamin B12 Supplement
If you are elderly, your doctor may advise you to take oral B12 supplements alone or in addition to injections of vitamin B12.
Intranasal Vitamin B12
Your doctor may give you a supplement of vitamin B12 that is placed in the nose.
Oral Iron Therapy
This treatment is recommended when an iron deficiency exists. In this case, the doctor will tell you to take iron supplements before treating with vitamin B12.
रोकथाम
To help reduce your chances of getting pernicious anemia, take the following steps:
- Avoid over-consuming alcohol.
- Have your doctor check you for signs of iron deficiency.
- Undergo testing if your doctor suspects you are infected with the bacteriumहैलीकॉप्टर पायलॉरी.