परिभाषा

Menopause is the time when a woman’s menstrual period ends. Menopause is considered complete when a woman has been without her period for one year. Menopause can occur any time between ages 40 and 60. On average, it occurs at age 51.

Menopause is gradual. The period of time leading up to complete menopause is called perimenopause. Premature menopause occurs before the age of 40. Menopause can also be surgically induced when the ovaries are removed.

Menopause is a natural process. Treatment is used to reduce the symptoms associated with menopause.

का कारण बनता है

Menopause is caused by a gradual decrease in a hormone called estrogen. Estrogen is released by the ovaries. The decrease in estrogen eventually stops the ovaries from releasing eggs.

जोखिम कारक

Menopause is a natural process associated with aging.

लक्षण

लक्षणों में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

  • Irregular menstrual periods
  • Hot flashes and night sweats
  • Disturbed sleep patterns, which may progress to insomnia
  • Mood changes, which may include irritability, anxiety or depression
  • Vaginal dryness and pain with sexual intercourse
  • शुष्क त्वचा
  • Decreased interest in sex
  • Frequent urination or leaking of urine

निदान

आपका डॉक्टर आपसे आपके लक्षणों और चिकित्सा इतिहास के बारे में पूछेगा। एक शारीरिक परीक्षा ली जाएगी।

Natural menopause is diagnosed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. Menopause may need to be confirmed if it was caused by a surgical procedure. A blood test may be done to look for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). High levels of FSH may indicate menopause.

उपचार

Menopause is a natural part of life. It does not necessarily require treatment. However, symptoms and health risks associated with low estrogen can be treated. These include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and osteoporosis, which is a loss of bone mass.

रजोनिवृत्ति

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Types of hormone replacement therapies include:

  • एस्ट्रोजेन
  • Progesterone
  • Combinations of estrogen and progesterone
  • Low amounts of male hormones

HRT is available as tablets, gels, skin patches, vaginal rings, vaginal tablets, injections, and pellets inserted into the skin.

There are a number of possible risks associated with HRT, such as:

  • अंतर्गर्भाशयकला कैंसर
  • स्तन कैंसर
  • अंडाशयी कैंसर
  • दिल की बीमारी
  • रक्त के थक्के

Healthful Diet

A healthful diet during menopause can improve your sense of well-being. It may also reduce the risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, and certain cancers. The diet should be low in fat. It should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Your diet should also include enough calcium and vitamin D.

Limit Caffeine and Alcohol

Caffeine and alcohol may increase your symptoms of anxiety and insomnia. They can also increase your loss of calcium. If you drink alcohol, only drink in moderation. Moderation is 1-2 drinks per day.

धूम्रपान छोड़ने

Smoking can increase the risk of early menopause, heart disease, and osteoporosis.

Regular Exercise

Weight-bearing exercises like walking and climbing stairs, and strength exercises may also decrease your risk of osteoporosis.

Stress Management

Stress management may help ease tension, anxiety, and other menopausal symptoms. Deep breathing, massage, warm baths, and quiet music are examples of relaxation techniques.

Over-the-Counter Products

Vaginal moisturizers and vaginal lubricants are used to help vaginal dryness.

Nonhormonal Medications for Hot Flashes

  • Medication may be prescribed to reduce symptoms of hot flashes including:
    • Certain blood pressure medications
    • Antiseizure medications
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

रोकथाम

Menopause is a natural biologic event that does not need to be prevented.

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