परिभाषा
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition in which the brain does not receive enough oxygen.
HIE can be fatal. Brain cells can begin dying within as little as five minutes without oxygen. The disease can also cause long-term damage, including intellectual disability, seizures, and cerebral palsy.
का कारण बनता है
There are a variety of causes of HIE. Any injury and many health conditions can cause a lack of oxygen to the brain. Some common causes are:
- सांस की विफलता
- Blocked or ruptured blood vessel
- Carbon monoxide or cyanide poisoning
- मात्रा से अधिक दवाई
- डूबता हुआ
- Lack of oxygen due to smoke inhalation
- Extremely low blood pressure
- Strangulation
- दिल की धड़कन रुकना
- कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड विषाक्तता
- High altitudes
- घुट
- Compression or injury to the trachea that reduces or stops breathing
- Complications from general anesthesia
- Diseases that cause paralysis of the respiratory organs or muscles, such asmyasthenia gravis and गिल्लन बर्रे सिंड्रोम
जोखिम कारक
Any injury, complication, or condition that causes the brain to have a reduction in blood flow and oxygen is a risk factor for HIE.
लक्षण
लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:
- Mild case:
- Difficulty paying attention
- Poor judgment
- ख़राब समन्वय
- Intense emotions
- Extreme drowsiness
- Severe oxygen deprivation:
- बरामदगी
- Loss of consciousness
- Blue-colored skin or lips
- सांस लेने में दिक्क्त
निदान
A physical exam will be done. Typically, the history is the most important factor in making the diagnosis.
परीक्षण शामिल हो सकते हैं निम्नलिखित:
- आपके शारीरिक तरल पदार्थों का परीक्षण करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है। यह रक्त परीक्षण के साथ किया जा सकता है।
- आपकी शारीरिक संरचनाओं की छवियाँ लेने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है। इसके साथ ऐसा किया जा सकता है:
- सीटी स्कैन
- एमआरआई स्कैन
- इकोकार्डियोग्राम
- अल्ट्रासाउंड
- Your heart and brain activity may be tested. This can be done with:
- Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)
- Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- संभावित परीक्षण का आह्वान किया
उपचार
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition, as well as the severity of the damage to the brain. Treatment options include:
- Life-sustaining treatment—If brain function has stopped, but damage is not yet extensive, life-sustaining treatment is given.
- Mechanical ventilation —This may be used if you are unable to breathe without assistance.
- Treatments for the circulatory system—Treatments are given to maintain heart function and control blood pressure.
- Seizure control—Medicine and general anesthesia may be given to control seizures.
- Cooling—Hypoxic brain damage is often caused by heat. Cooling blankets or other means of cooling may be applied to reduce the body’s temperature.
- Hyperbaric oxygen treatment —This treatment is used in cases of carbon monoxide poisoning.
रोकथाम
In most cases, HIE is sudden and cannot be prevented. CPR may be given to prevent significant or long-term brain damage after the oxygen supply has been reduced.