परिभाषा
A foot fracture is a break in any of the bones in the foot.
The foot is made up of 26 small bones. The tarsus is the seven bones that make up the hindfoot and the midfoot. The forefoot consists of the five metatarsals and the 14 phalanges. There are two phalanges in the big toe and three in each of the remaining toes.
A foot fracture can happen in any foot bone, but metatarsal fractures are the most common.
का कारण बनता है
A foot fracture is caused by trauma to the bone. Trauma includes:
- फॉल्स
- Blows or object falling on the foot
- टक्कर
- Severe twists
When a bone is subjected to repeated stress over a long time, small cracks may form. These are called stress fractures. Certain bones (metatarsals and the talus) in the foot are at higher risk for this type of fracture.
जोखिम कारक
These factors increase your chance of developing a foot fracture. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:
- बढ़ती उम्र
- मांसपेशी द्रव्यमान में कमी
- ऑस्टियोपोरोसिस
- हड्डी की कुछ जन्मजात स्थितियाँ
- Abnormal or absent menstrual cycles
- Sudden change in activity or exercise program (such as, becoming a military recruit)
- High-impact or repetitive motion sports (such as, gymnastics, basketball, tennis, running)
लक्षण
लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:
- दर्द, अक्सर गंभीर
- Bruising and swelling in the injured area
- Numbness in toes or foot
- Decreased range of motion
- Inability to walk comfortably
- फ्रैक्चर वाली जगह पर गांठ या दिखाई देने वाली विकृति
निदान
The doctor will ask about your symptoms, physical activity, and how the injury occurred. The injured area will be examined and an x-ray of the foot will be done.
उपचार
Depending on how severe the injury is treatment will involve:
- Putting the pieces of the bone back in place, which may require anesthesia and/or surgery
- जब तक हड्डी अपने आप ठीक न हो जाए तब तक टुकड़ों को एक साथ रखना
नॉनसर्जिकल उपचार
In a less severe foot fracture, the bones can be realigned without surgery. You may only need crutches and stiff-soled shoes to protect the fracture. Toes may be splinted together by taping to protect the injured toe.
A more serious fracture may require a splint or cast to hold the bones in place. You will need to use crutches to help you walk.
सर्जरी
In certain severe cases, you will need surgery to realign the bones. The doctor may use a small metal plate with screws, screws alone, or pins to hold the bones in place while healing takes place. A cast or splint will be placed on the foot after surgery. You will need to use crutches to help you walk. The doctor will order more x-rays while the bone heals. This is to make sure the bones have not shifted.
अभ्यास
When your doctor decides you are ready, start lower body range-of-motion and strengthening exercises. You may be referred to a physical therapist to assist you with these exercises. Do not return to sports until your foot is fully healed.
उपचार का समय
Metatarsal bones and the phalanges may heal in 3-6 weeks, but the tarsal bones will take 6-10 weeks to heal.
रोकथाम
To prevent foot fractures:
- Always wear well-fitting, supportive athletic shoes when doing physical activity.
- Alternate your physical activities.
- Wear proper shoes for each type of activity to protect your feet.
- कैल्शियम और विटामिन डी से भरपूर आहार लें।
- Do weight-bearing exercises to build strong bones.
- गिरने से रोकने और सक्रिय और चुस्त रहने के लिए मजबूत मांसपेशियां बनाएं।