इंसेफेलाइटिस की परिभाषा, कारण, लक्षण, जटिलताएं और लागत सर्जरी उपचार भारत में अस्पताल

का कारण बनता है

Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection. In the United States, the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis is the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Epidemic causes of encephalitis are usually mosquito or tick-borne viruses.

The most common viruses that cause encephalitis include:

• Viruses carried by mosquitoes such as West Nile virus
• Chickenpox virus
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
• Polio virus
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
• Measles virus
• Mumps virus
• रोटावायरस
• Influenza virus
• रेबीज
• Enterovirus

Not all encephalitis is caused by a virus. Some may be due to an overreaction of the immune system.

जोखिम कारक

Factors that may increase your chance of encephalitis include:

• Living, working, or playing in an area where mosquito-borne viruses are common
• Not being immunized against diseases such as:
  • खसरा
  • कण्ठमाला का रोग
  • छोटी माता
  • Polio
• Having cancer
• Taking immunosuppressive medicines after organ transplant
• Having AIDS

Newborns of mothers who have genital herpes simplex are at risk for herpes simplex encephalitis.

लक्षण

The symptoms may range from mild to severe. Severe symptoms can include permanent neurological damage. Encephalitis can also lead to death.

Milder symptoms include:

• बुखार
• Weakness, severe fatigue
• सिरदर्द
• प्रकाश के प्रति संवेदनशीलता
• Stiff neck and back
• उल्टी करना
• मांसपेशियों में दर्द
• खरोंच
• Yawning

More severe symptoms may include:

• Changes in consciousness
• व्यक्तित्व बदल जाता है
• भ्रम
• चिड़चिड़ापन
• बरामदगी
• Partial or complete paralysis
• Progressive drowsiness
• Trouble walking
• Trouble speaking
• निगलने में परेशानी

निदान

डॉक्टर आपके लक्षणों और चिकित्सा इतिहास के बारे में पूछेंगे। एक शारीरिक परीक्षा ली जाएगी।

परीक्षण में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

• Blood tests—to look for signs of infection
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)—to test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for signs of infection
• CT and/or MRI scans of the head—to look for abnormal areas of enhancement, hemorrhage, or edema in the brain
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)— to look for abnormal electrical activity in the brain
• Brain biopsy—removal of a small sample of brain tissue to test for signs of infection

उपचार

Treatment is mostly supportive. It may include:

• Antiviral drugs (such as intravenous acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis)—to potentially help shorten the duration of the illness
• Steroid medicines—to decrease brain swelling
• Diuretics such as mannitol—to decrease elevated intracranial pressure
• Intubation with hyperventilation—to decrease elevated intracranial pressure and to maintain respiration and ventilation
• Anticonvulsant medicines—to prevent and/or treat seizures

रोकथाम

Make sure that you and your children are vaccinated against preventable viral illnesses.

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