परिभाषा

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in a vein deep in the body. Veins are blood vessels with valves that help prevent backward blood flow. Blood is pushed through the veins in legs and arms when muscles contract.

Deposits of red blood cells and clotting elements in the blood can build up in a vein. This build up leads to a blood clot. Clots usually occur in the legs, but can occur in other locations. As the clot grows, it blocks blood flow in the vein.

गहरी नस घनास्रता

का कारण बनता है

Several factors contribute to clot formation, including:

  • Slow blood flow, often due to lying or sitting still for a long period of time
  • Pooling of blood in a vein, often due to:
  • Injury to a blood vessel
  • Clotting problems, which can occur due to aging or disease
  • Catheters placed in a vein

जोखिम कारक

Risk factors for DVT include:

  • Personal or family history of deep vein thrombosis
  • अस्पताल में भर्ती होना
  • Not moving your body, especially during travel
  • Surgery, especially involving bones or joints
  • चिकित्सा दशाएं, जैसे कि:
    • वैरिकाज - वेंस
    • कैंसर
    • दिल की धड़कन रुकना
    • दिल का दौरा
    • सूजा आंत्र रोग
    • रक्त विकार
    • Blood poisoning, also called sepsis
  • मोटापा
  • गर्भावस्था
  • Inherited or natural genetic changes that can alter your protein levels
  • Taking medications such as birth control pills, estrogen therapy, or antipsychotic medicine

लक्षण

Symptoms occur when:

  • The clot interferes with blood flow in the vein
  • Local inflammation occurs
  • A clot breaks free and travels to the lungs

Some patients may not have any symptoms until the clot moves to the lungs. This condition is called pulmonary embolism.

Symptoms of DVT may include:

  • दर्द
  • Swelling of a limb
  • Tenderness along the vein, especially near the thigh
  • गर्मी
  • Redness, paleness, or blueness of the skin of the affected limb

निदान

डॉक्टर आपके लक्षणों और चिकित्सा इतिहास के बारे में पूछेंगे। एक शारीरिक परीक्षा ली जाएगी।

  • Your blood and blood flow may be tested. This can be done with:
    • रक्त परीक्षण
    • Impedance plethysmography
    • Duplex venous ultrasound
  • You may have images taken. This can be done with venography.

उपचार

Treatment aims to:

  • Prevent pulmonary embolism
  • Stop the clot from growing
  • Dissolve the clot, if possible

उपचार में शामिल हैं:

Supportive Care

This may include:

  • Resting in bed
  • Elevating the affected limb above the heart
  • Wearing compression stockings as advised by your doctor

दवाएं

You may be prescribed blood thinning medication to prevent additional clots from forming. These may be given by injection or by mouth. This treatment may be continued long-term.

सर्जरी

In some cases, a filter may be placed in the inferior vena cava. The vena cava is a major vein. Blood from the lower body returns to the heart through this vein. The filter may trap a clot that breaks loose before it travels to the lungs.

रोकथाम

General prevention measures include:

  • Having tests that monitor your use of blood thinners.
  • Do not sit for long periods. If you are in a car or airplane or at a computer, get up often and move around.
  • धूम्रपान ना करें।

If you are admitted to the hospital, talk to your doctor about how to prevent blood clots, such as:

  • Get out of bed and walk as soon as possible during your recovery.
  • If you are restricted to bed:
    • Do range of motion exercises in bed.
    • Change your position at least every two hours.
  • Wear compression stockings to promote venous blood flow.
  • Use a pneumatic compression device. This device uses air to compress your legs and help improve venous blood flow.
  • If prescribed by your doctor, take medication to reduce blood clots. This medication can reduce your chance of death due to blood clots.

कीवर्ड:

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