परिभाषा
Constipation is infrequent and/or uncomfortable bowel movements. Stool is often hard and dry. This is a very common gastrointestinal complaint.
का कारण बनता है
Constipation has many causes, including:
- Not enough fluid intake
- Overuse of laxative medicines
- Too little exercise
- Bed rest
- Certain medicines, including:
- दर्द निवारक
- Narcotics
- Aluminum-containing antacids
- Antidepressant and antipsychotic medicines
- Medicines for epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease
- Antispasmodic medicines
- प्रशांतक
- आयरन सप्लीमेंट्स
- कैल्शियम चैनल अवरोधक
- Frequently delaying the need to have a bowel movement
- गर्भावस्था
- मधुमेह
- Spasm of the anal sphincter; due to painful anal fissures or hemorrhoids
- Underactive thyroid
- Irritable bowel syndrome (periods of constipation may alternate with episodes ofdiarrhea)
- Neurological diseases such as:
- पार्किंसंस रोग
- मल्टीपल स्क्लेरोसिस
- आघात
- Spinal cord injuries or tumors
- स्क्लेरोदेर्मा
- प्रणालीगत एक प्रकार का वृक्ष
- Intestinal disorders, including:
- scarring
- ट्यूमर
- कैंसर
- सूजन
- Travel (due to schedule changes, stress, and poor diet)
जोखिम कारक
जोखिम कारकों में शामिल हैं:
- बढ़ती उम्र
- आसीन जीवन शैली
- Prolonged bed rest due to surgery or an accident
- Diet that is high in fat and sugar and low in fiber
लक्षण
लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:
- पेट में दर्द
- Sensation of abdominal fullness
- Rectal pain and pressure
- Difficulty passing stool, despite straining
- Hard, dry, small stool
- Black stool
- “Rabbit pellet” appearance to stool
- Sensation of retained stool after defecating
मुझे अपने डॉक्टर को कब बुलाना चाहिए?
अपने डॉक्टर को बुलाएँ यदि आप:
- Are constipated and never had this condition before
- Have constipation that lasts longer than 2-3 weeks
- Have a painful or swollen abdomen
- Have nausea or vomiting
- Have signs of an infection, such as fever or chills
- Have pain or burning in anal area with or without bowel movement
- Have blood in your stool or black stool
- Think that your prescription medicine is causing constipation
- Are losing weight
निदान
Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, may indicate a more serious condition. Your doctor may order tests to rule out other conditions. Tests may include:
- शारीरिक परीक्षा
- रक्त परीक्षण
- Digital rectal exam—examination of the rectum with the doctor’s gloved, lubricated finger inserted into your rectum
- Abdominal x-ray—a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the abdomen
- Barium enema—injection of fluid into the rectum that makes your colon light up on an x-ray
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy—a thin, lighted tube with a camera inserted into the rectum to examine the rectum and the lower colon
उपचार
उपचार में शामिल हो सकते हैं:
Understanding Normal Bowel Movements
Talk to your doctor about what is a normal frequency of bowel movements for you. The range of normal is quite broad. Some people have several stools a day. Others have one stool every several days.
Making Lifestyle Changes
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is high in fiber (such as unprocessed bran, whole-wheat grains, fresh fruit, and cereals). Eating prunes every day may also improve bowel movements.
- Limit your intake of processed and fatty foods.
- नियमित रूप से व्यायाम करें।
- Drink at least eight, 8-ounce glasses of water each day.
Taking Laxatives, Stool Softeners, or Glycerin Suppositories
Regularly using laxatives or enemas can be habit forming. Your bowels can become accustomed to these products and require them in order to produce a stool. Stool softeners, though, are not habit-forming. Ask your doctor about how often and for how long to use these products.
Examples of medicines include:
- Polyethylene glycol 3350 (GlycoLax, MiraLax)—a type of laxative
- Psyllium—a bulk laxative
- Docusate—a stool softener
- Lactulose—a type of laxative
- Lubiprostone (Amitiza)—a medicine that increases fluid in stool
- Botulism injections—may be used to treat certain types of constipation
Retraining Your Bowels
Set aside the same time each day to move your bowels. Typically, this works best after breakfast and coffee. Sit on the toilet for 15-20 minutes. Over time, your body will learn to have regular bowel movements at the same time each day.
Using Biofeedback
Biofeedback works by attaching sensors to the body. These sensors give you information about your muscles. By working with a therapist, you learn how to control certain muscles that can help you to move your bowels.
Treating Underlying Conditions
Work with your doctor to treat other conditions that may be causing your constipation.
Changing Medications
If you are taking medicine that causes constipation, talk to your doctor to find out if you can take another drug.
If you are taking opioids to relieve pain, you may have constipation. A medicine called methylnaltrexone (Relistor) may help to reduce this side effect.
Having Surgery
If you have severe, chronic constipation, your doctor may recommend surgery.
If you are diagnosed with constipation, follow your doctor’s instructions.
रोकथाम
To reduce your chance of getting constipation:
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is high in fiber.
- नियमित रूप से व्यायाम करें।
- Drink at least eight, 8-ounce glasses of water a day.
- In an effort to train your bowels, schedule a time daily to sit on the toilet just after a meal.
- Do not rush yourself when using the bathroom.
- If you feel the urge to move your bowels, do not ignore this feeling. Go to the bathroom right away.