Definition
Drug withdrawal is a reaction the body can have if a person suddenly stops using drugs or alcohol. This can occur if the person has been using drugs or alcohol regularly. Depending on the type and amount, withdrawal can be a life-threatening condition. The sooner it is treated, the better the outcome. If you think you have this condition, call your doctor right away.
Causes
Drug withdrawal can be caused by medicines, alcohol, or illegal drugs. Some things that can cause withdrawal include:
- Heroin
- Methadone
- Amphetamines
- Marijuana
- Cocaine
- Alcohol
- Opioids
- Benzodiazepines
- Barbiturates
Risk Factors
These factors increase your chances of developing this condition. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:
- Sudden stopping of drugs or alcohol
- Substance abuse
- Physical dependency on drugs or alcohol
Symptoms
Withdrawal symptoms are different based on what you used. Symptoms may include:
- Marijuana—loss of appetite, chills, weight loss, trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, irritability, feeling restless or nervous
- Alcohol—shaking, hallucinations, seizures, confusion, anxiety, sweating, nausea
- Barbiturates—weakness, tremors, hallucinations, lack of appetite, seizures
- Opioids—abdominal pain or cramps, muscle aches, panic, tremors, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, fever, chills, irritability, goose pimples, runny nose, drug craving, inability to sleep, yawning
- Benzodiazepines—abdominal pain or cramps, fast heartbeat, vomiting, tremors, seizures, anxiety
- Cocaine—anxiety, feeling tired, depression
- Amphetamines—depression, irritability, sleeping too much, muscle aches, abdominal pain
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms. She will take a medical history and do a physical exam. You will be asked which drugs you used, how often, how much, and for how long. You may also have blood and urine tests.
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you . Treatment optionsinclude the following:
Detoxification
This is the first step in treating substance abuse. You will be closely checked for signs of withdrawal. You may be given medicines to reduce cravings. These medicines will also help with symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms can be severe. Treatment is targeted to the specific symptoms and drugs used.
Rehabilitation
You may need to enroll in a rehabilitation program. This treatment uses behavioral therapy to prevent you from using drugs in the future. Behavioral therapy may include the following:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy teaches you how to recognize and avoid situations that may lead to drug abuse.
- Family therapy helps you and your family look at patterns of drug abuse. Strategies are suggested to avoid future abuse.
- Motivational therapy uses positive reinforcement to prevent drug use.
Residential Treatment (Therapeutic Communities)
Residential treatment is sometimes needed. The typical stay is 6-12 months. These facilities will help you learn how to live a drug-free life.
Support Groups
Support groups offer continued support for a drug- or alcohol-free life. Some support groups are Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous, and Alcoholics Anonymous.
Prevention
To help reduce your chances of developing drug withdrawal, take the following steps:
- Attend regular support group meetings.
- Avoid people and situations where drugs are available.
- Inform all healthcare providers of your history with drugs.
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