Autism Definition, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Cost

Symptoms

Autism usually first appears during early childhood between 2-6 years old. The severity of symptoms varies. Behaviors and abilities may differ from day to day. Symptoms may decrease as the child grows older. Children with autism may have a combination of abnormal behaviors.

Symptoms include:

• Avoiding social contact
• Having problems with language such as loss of language
• Using words incorrectly
• Communicating with motions instead of words
• Avoiding eye contact
• Having trouble with nonverbal communication
• Lacking interest in normal activities for that age
• Spending a lot of time alone
• Not playing imaginatively
• Not starting pretend games
• Not imitating others
• Having sensitivity to sound, smell, taste, sights, and touch
• Reacting to stimulation in an abnormal way
• Not reacting to smiles
• Being hyperactive
• Being passive
• Having tantrums
• Being single-minded
• Being aggressive
• Hurting self
• Repetitive movement, such as rocking or flapping a hand
• Resisting change
• Forming unusual attachments to objects
• Sniffing or licking of toys
• Not understanding other peoples’ feelings and needs
• Having constipation and being a picky eater

Some people with autism suffer from other disorders as well, including:

• Seizures
• Intellectual disability
• Genetic disorders, such as fragile X syndrome

Diagnosis

Doctors who specialize in autism will observe the child’s behavior, social contacts, and communication abilities. They will evaluate mental and social development. Parents will be asked about the child’s behavior. Some doctors ask parents to bring in videos of the child at home.

Tests may include:

• Neuropsychological tests
• Questionnaires and observation schedules
• Intelligence tests

Medical tests to rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms may include:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• DNA testing

An electroencephalogram (EEG) may also be done to record brain activity.

Treatment

There is no cure for autism. The severity of symptoms may decrease over the years. Children with autism and their families may benefit from early intervention. Children aged 18-30 months who had high-intensity intervention showed improvements in their IQ, language, and behavior.

Children with autism respond well to a structured, expected schedule. Many children with autism learn to cope with their disabilities. Most need assistance and support throughout their lives. Others are able to work and live independently when they grow up.

Children with autism can benefit from:

Prevention

There are no guidelines to prevent autism. The cause is unknown. Scientists are searching for its underlying causes.

Autism Treatment in India

In India, autism treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach that typically includes behavioral therapies, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and educational interventions. The specific treatment options and approaches may vary depending on the individual’s needs and the resources available in different regions of the country. Here are some common autism treatment options in India:

1. Behavioral Therapies: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a widely used approach for treating autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ABA therapy focuses on improving specific behaviors and teaching new skills through positive reinforcement. It involves breaking down tasks into smaller steps and providing consistent rewards for desired behaviors.

2. Speech and Language Therapy: Many individuals with autism experience difficulties in communication. Speech and language therapy aims to improve language skills, social communication, and verbal/nonverbal interactions. Therapists work on enhancing speech articulation, comprehension, and expression using various techniques, such as visual supports and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems.

3. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy helps individuals with autism develop the skills needed for daily activities and improve their sensory processing. Occupational therapists work on enhancing fine motor skills, coordination, sensory integration, and self-help skills. They may use sensory integration techniques, structured play, and activities to promote independence and self-regulation.

4. Special Education: Special education programs provide tailored instruction and support to children with autism. These programs focus on addressing individual learning needs, promoting social skills, and developing academic skills. Special educators may use visual aids, individualized learning plans, and assistive technologies to enhance learning outcomes.

5. Parent Training and Support: Parent training programs play a crucial role in empowering parents or caregivers to support their child’s development at home. These programs provide strategies, resources, and guidance on managing challenging behaviors, improving communication, and fostering social skills. Parent support groups also offer a platform for sharing experiences and finding emotional support.

6. Alternative and Complementary Therapies: Some families may explore alternative or complementary therapies, such as music therapy, art therapy, yoga, or equine therapy. While these therapies may provide additional benefits and support, it’s important to consult with professionals and ensure evidence-based practices are followed.

It’s worth noting that access to autism services and treatment options can vary across different regions in India. The availability of specialized centers, trained professionals, and resources may be more limited in some areas. Families are encouraged to consult with healthcare professionals, autism organizations, and support groups to access appropriate treatment services and resources for their loved ones with autism.