সংজ্ঞা

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a way to treat brain disorders. It uses highly focused beams of radiation to target specific areas of the brain. It can also be used on other parts of the body, such as the spine. The beams of radiation destroy the tissue that a neurosurgeon would have removed during an operation.

পদ্ধতির কারণ

SRS is used to:

  • Stop cancerous and noncancerous tumor growth
  • Shrink cancerous and noncancerous tumors
  • Close off arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)—abnormal blood vessels that disrupt blood flow to the brain
  • Treat disorders such as:
    • Trigeminal neuralgia —a condition that causes facial pain
    • Epilepsy —a disorder that causes seizures

স্টেরিওট্যাকটিক রেডিওসার্জারি

সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা

If you are planning to have SRS, your ডাক্তার একটি তালিকা পর্যালোচনা করবে of possible complications such as:

  • মাথাব্যথা
  • Temporary swelling at the treatment site, which may be associated with worsening of symptoms
  • Swelling, numbness, bleeding, or tingling around the sites where the head frame rests on the head
  • Skin irritation
  • বমি বমি ভাব
  • খিঁচুনি
  • Patchy hair loss from the radiation
  • Permanent injury to the location in the brain being treated

Rare complications may include:

  • দৃষ্টিশক্তি হ্রাস
  • বধিরতা
  • রক্তপাত
  • Nerve problems

দ্য risk for complications is low. Increased age, chronic চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা শর্ত, previous surgeries, or previous radiation treatments may increase this risk.

কি আশা করা যায়

পদ্ধতির আগে

You will receive treatment from your doctor and a team of others who specialize in radiation. Your doctor may do the following:

  • Perform a neurological exam to see how well your nervous system is functioning
  • Review your x-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or other diagnostic test results
  • Order additional tests if necessary

Your doctor may ask if you:

  • Take medicine or insulin to control diabetes
  • Are allergic to IV contrast material—an injected substance that can make a tumor or other abnormality easier to see
  • Are allergic to iodine or shellfish—iodine is present in both shellfish and contrast material
  • Have a pacemaker or any other medical device implanted in your body
  • Have eye or ear implants
  • Have had any previous surgeries
  • Have ever had trauma to the skull
  • Suffer from claustrophobia

আপনার পদ্ধতি পর্যন্ত নেতৃত্ব:

  • Review your regular medicines with your doctor. You may be asked to stop taking some drugs.
  • Arrange for someone to:
    • Drive you to the treatment facility
    • Drive you home after
    • Stay with you during treatment
    • Stay with you the following night
  • If advised by your doctor, use a special shampoo.

The day before your procedure:

  • Do not use any hair creams or hair spray.
  • Do not eat or drink anything after midnight unless told otherwise by your doctor.

The day of your procedure:

  • Bring your regular prescription medicines with you to the hospital.
  • Do not wear jewelry, make-up, nail polish, a wig, or a hairpiece.
  • Remove any contact lenses, eyeglasses, or dentures.
  • An IV line will deliver contrast material, medicines, and fluids.

এনেস্থেশিয়া

  • You will receive a mild sedative to help you relax.
  • A local anesthetic may be injected to numb your scalp.

পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা

There are a few types of SRS:

Cobalt-60-based Treatment

The procedure will be done using beams of highly focused gamma rays. It is used to treat smaller brain tumors and functional brain disorders.

There are four phases to this treatment:

  • Head frame placement—Local anesthesia will be injected into the front and back of your head to numb your scalp. A box-shaped, aluminum frame will be attached to your skull with special pins. This will keep your head from moving during treatment.
  • Imaging—You will have a CT scan and/or MRI to locate the tumor. If you are being treated for an AVM, you may have a test called an angiography to locate the abnormal veins.
  • Computerized dose planning—You will relax for about an hour while your doctors plan your treatment. When they are finished, you will lie down on a special couch. Your doctor will talk to you about the number of treatments you will receive and how long they will take. Your head frame will then be attached to a helmet full of small holes. Each hole will allow a single ray of radiation to target a specific part of your brain.
  • Radiation delivery—The doctors and nurses will leave the room. Your couch will move into the treatment area. You might hear a click as the helmet locks into place. Your doctor will be able to see and hear you during the entire procedure. You will be able to talk to your doctor. You will remain still during the procedure and so will the machinery around you. You will not be able to see, feel, or hear the treatment. When treatment is complete, the couch will move back to its original position.

Linear accelerator (LINAC)-based Treatment

This treatment uses one large, powerful radiation beam. It is used to treat small and large brain tumors. You will go through the same phases listed above. During radiation delivery, part of the machine will move around you. The treatment couch will also be moved. Some newer systems can also deliver radiation to tumors of the spinal cord.

Robotic Radiosurgery System

This treatment is given using a small linear accelerator that is on top of a robotic arm. It is used to treat tumors and injuries of the brain and spine. No head frame is used.

There are three phases to this treatment:

  • Set-up—If you are being treated for a brain tumor, a special mask will be made to fit your head. No pins are needed to keep it in place. You will be given a CT scan, and possibly an MRI, with the mask in place. If you are being treated for a spinal tumor, a customized foam body cradle will be made instead of a mask. You will most likely have some small metal markers called fiducials implanted near the tumor. The markers will help guide the radiation beams during treatment. The fiducials are implanted during a short outpatient procedure. After they are in place, you will be given a CT scan.
  • Treatment planning—You may be allowed to go home while the doctors finalize your treatment plan. Actual treatment may take place that same day or several days after the set-up phase.
  • Treatment delivery—You will be fitted with your mask or body cradle and then lie down on the treatment table. X-rays will be taken before the treatment starts. After treatment begins, the robotic arm will move around you and administer radiation beams from many different angles. Sometimes the arm will stop and more x-rays will be taken.

পদ্ধতির পরে

If your treatment required a head frame:

  • The head frame and IV line will be removed.
  • Your head will be wrapped in gauze or small bandages will be placed at the pin sites.

কতক্ষণ এটা লাগবে?

  • Radiation delivery can take up to 2 hours for cobalt-60-based treatment and LINAC-based treatments. Robotic radiosurgery treatments can take up to 3 hours.
  • The total procedure usually takes 2-4 hours.

এটা আঘাত করবে?

পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন

Do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery after you return home:

  • You can typically return to your regular daily activities the day after the procedure.
  • Resume your regular medicines, unless told otherwise by your doctor.
  • Check with your doctor about doing any heavy lifting.
  • For about a week, avoid scrubbing the pin sites when you wash your hair.
  • আপনার ডাক্তারের নির্দেশাবলী অনুসরণ করতে ভুলবেন না।

SRS works over time. It may take several months to several years to see results.

  • About one month after your procedure, your doctor will check your pin sites and do a neurological exam.
  • CT scans or MRIs will likely be done sometime after the procedure to determine if treatment was effective. The number of scans and how often you get them may vary.
  • If you were treated for an AVM, you will have a test called a cerebral angiogram two to three years after treatment. The test will determine if treatment was successful.
  • In many cases, SRS treatments can be repeated, if necessary.

আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন

বাড়িতে পৌঁছানোর পরে, নিম্নলিখিতগুলির মধ্যে যে কোনও একটি ঘটলে আপনার ডাক্তারের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন:

  • জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
  • Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the pin sites
  • Nausea and/or vomiting that you cannot control with the medicines you were given after surgery. Or, nausea and/or vomiting that lasts more than two days after discharge from the hospital
  • ব্যথা যা আপনি ওষুধ দিয়ে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারবেন না
  • Cough, shortness of breath, irregular heart beat, or chest pain
  • আপনি আপনার স্বাগত ধন্যবাদ
  • Weakness, loss of balance
  • দৃষ্টি সমস্যা
  • খিঁচুনি
  • Any new symptoms, including numbness

জরুরী পরিস্থিতিতে, অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।

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