সংজ্ঞা
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a surgery for obesity. It changes the stomach and small intestine to cause weight loss by:
- Restricting food intake—creates a small pouch to serve as the stomach, so you cannot eat as much
- Making the body unable to absorb as many calories from the food—bypasses the first part of the small intestine, where many of the calories from food are usually absorbed
পদ্ধতির কারণ
The surgery treats severe obesity. Doctors use a calculation called body mass index (BMI) to determine how overweight or obese you are. A normal BMI is 18.5-25.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a weight loss option for people with:
- BMI greater than 40
- BMI 35-39.9 and a life-threatening condition, such as heart disease or diabetes
- BMI 35-39.9 with severe physical limitations that affect employment, mobility, and family life
The success of gastric bypass surgery depends on your commitment to lifelong health habits. If lifestyle changes are made and maintained, the benefits of bariatric surgery include:
- Long-term weight reduction
- Improvement in many obesity-related conditions (such as glucose intolerance,diabetes, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol)
- Improved mobility and stamina
- Enhanced mood, self-esteem, and quality of life
- Reduced risk of dying from cardiovascular disease (such as heart attack, stroke) and other causes
সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা
If you are planning to have Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Nutritional deficiencies—You will need to take vitamins to get adequate amounts ofvitamin B12, iron, and calcium
- রক্তপাত
- সংক্রমণ
- রক্ত জমাট
- Hernia formation
- Bowel obstruction
- Breakdown of the staples, allowing leakage of stomach juices into the abdomen
- Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting
- Dumping syndrome—This occurs after eating sweets, when food moves too quickly through the small intestine causing sweating, fatigue, lightheadedness, cramping, and diarrhea
- Complications of general anesthesia
- Death—This occurs in less than 1% of patients
জটিলতার ঝুঁকি বাড়াতে পারে এমন কারণগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে:
- ধূমপান
- Recent or chronic illness (such as kidney disease)
- ডায়াবেটিস
- Old age
- হার্ট বা ফুসফুসের রোগ
- Bleeding or clotting disorders
কি আশা করা যায়
পদ্ধতির আগে
Each bariatric surgery program has specific requirements. Your program will likely include the following:
- Thorough physical exam and review of medical history
- Attempts to lose weight (about 10%) through medically approved dietary means
- Ongoing consultations with a registered dietitian
- Mental health evaluation and counseling
আপনার পদ্ধতি পর্যন্ত নেতৃত্ব:
- Talk to your doctor about your medicines, herbs, and dietary supplements. You may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure, such as:
- অ্যাসপিরিন বা অন্যান্য প্রদাহ বিরোধী ওষুধ
- Blood thinners such as warfarin (Coumadin)
- clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Do not start taking any new medicines, herbs, or supplements without talking to your doctor.
- Arrange for rides to and from the hospital.
- Arrange for help at home as you recover.
- You might take antibiotics before coming to the hospital.
- You might take laxatives and/or an enema to clear your intestines.
- The night before your surgery, eat a light meal. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight unless told otherwise by your doctor.
- Shower or bathe the morning of your surgery.
এনেস্থেশিয়া
সাধারণ এনেস্থেশিয়া ব্যবহার করা হবে। তুমি ঘুমিয়ে থাকবে।
পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা
To prepare you for surgery, a nurse will place an IV line in your arm. You may receive fluids and medicines through this line during the procedure. The doctor will place a breathing tube through your mouth and into your throat. This will help you breathe during surgery. You will also have a catheter placed in your bladder to drain urine.
Your doctor will make an 8-10 inch cut to open the abdomen. Your doctor will use surgical staples to create a small pouch at the top of your stomach. This pouch, which can hold about one cup of food, will be your new, smaller stomach. A normal stomach can hold 4-6 cups of food.
Next, the doctor will cut the small intestine and attach it to the new pouch. With the intestinal bypass, food will now move from the new stomach pouch to the middle section of the small intestine. It will skip the lower stomach and the upper section of the small intestine.
Finally, the upper section of the small intestine will be attached to the middle section of the small intestine. This will allow fluid that the lower stomach makes to move down the upper section of the small intestine and into the middle section.
Once the bypass is completed, the incisions will be closed with staples or stitches.
পদ্ধতির পরে
You will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring. You will also be given pain medicine.
কতক্ষণ এটা লাগবে?
About two hours
এটা কতটা আঘাত করবে?
Anesthesia prevents pain during surgery.
Patients experience pain and/or soreness at the incision sites during recovery. Your doctor can prescribe medicine to relieve the pain.
গড় হাসপাতালে থাকার
The usual length of stay is 2-5 days. Your doctor may choose to keep you longer, however, if complications arise.
পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন
হাসপাতালে
আপনি হাসপাতালে পুনরুদ্ধার করার সময়, আপনি নিম্নলিখিত যত্ন পেতে পারেন:
- Pain medicine will be given as needed.
- Your diet:
- On the day of surgery—You will not be given food or drinks.
- On the day after surgery—You will have an x-ray to check for leaks from the stomach pouch. For this test, you will drink a special liquid while x-rays are taken.
- If the upper GI x-ray is normal, you will be given 30 milliliters (mL) of liquids every 20 minutes.
- If leaks are found, you will receive nutrition through an IV until the leaks are fixed.
- On the second day after surgery—You will take 1-2 tablespoons of pureed food or 1-2 ounces of liquids every 20 minutes.
While in the hospital, you may be asked to do the following:
- Use an incentive spirometer to help you take deep breaths. This helps prevent lung problems.
- Wear elastic surgical stockings or boots to promote blood flow in your legs.
- Get up and walk in the hall daily.
ঘরে
Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions. You will need to practice lifelong healthy eating and exercising habits. Keep in mind after your surgery:
- কখন গোসল করা, গোসল করা বা জলে ভিজানো নিরাপদ সে সম্পর্কে আপনার ডাক্তারকে জিজ্ঞাসা করুন।
- You may be out of work for 2-6 weeks after gastric bypass surgery.
- Do not drive or lift anything heavy until your doctor tells you it is safe. This may be up two weeks or more.
- Walk as soon as possible, with a goal of exercising daily.
- You may have emotional ups and downs after this surgery.
- You will meet regularly with your healthcare team for monitoring and support.
Your new stomach is the size of a small egg. It is slow to empty, causing you to feel full quickly. Therefore, you need to eat very small amounts and eat very slowly:
- You will begin with 4-6 meals per day. A meal is two ounces of food.
- For the first 4-6 weeks after surgery, all food must be pureed.
- Once you move to solid foods, they must be chewed well.
- When making food choices, you will need to consume enough protein.
- Avoid sweets and fatty foods.
- Eating too much or too quickly can cause vomiting or intense pain under your breastbone. Most people quickly learn how much food they can eat.
You may need to take medicines, as directed by your doctor, which may include:
- অ্যান্টাসিড
- Pain medicines
- Vitamin and mineral supplements
আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন
After you leave the hospital, call your doctor if any of the following occur:
- জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
- লালভাব, ফোলাভাব, ক্রমবর্ধমান ব্যথা, অত্যধিক রক্তপাত, বা কাটা স্থান থেকে স্রাব
- কাশি, শ্বাসকষ্ট, বুকে ব্যথা, বা তীব্র বমি বমি ভাব বা বমি
- Worsening abdominal pain
- মলে রক্ত
- Pain, burning, urgency, or frequency of urination, or persistent bleeding in the urine
- Persistent nausea and/or vomiting
- Pain and/or swelling in your feet, calves, or legs, sudden shortness of breath, or chest pain
- Any other worrisome symptoms
জরুরী পরিস্থিতিতে, অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।