সংজ্ঞা

Hysterectomy is the surgical term for the removal of the uterus (womb). This results in the inability to become pregnant.

There are different types of surgeries, such as:

  • Supracervical hysterectomy—removal of the uterus only
  • Total hysterectomy—removal of the uterus and cervix (the opening of the uterus leading to the vagina)
  • Radical hysterectomy—removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, upper part of the vagina, and the pelvic lymph nodes
  • Salpingo-oophorectomy—removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes (may be combined with any of the above procedures)

পদ্ধতির কারণ

You may have a hysterectomy if your uterus is causing health problems that cannot be treated by other means. Some reasons a woman may have a hysterectomy are to:

  • Treat cancers (such as uterine, endometrial, and ovarian cancers)
  • Remove uterine fibroids
  • Treat conditions (such as chronic pelvic pain, heavy bleeding)

Explore your options before having a hysterectomy. There are other treatments for many of these problems.

সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা

If you are planning to have hysterectomy, your ডাক্তার একটি তালিকা পর্যালোচনা করবে সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা, যার মধ্যে অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকতে পারে:

  • Reactions to anesthesia
  • ব্যাথা
  • সংক্রমণ
  • রক্তপাত
  • ক্লান্তি
  • Injured pelvic organs (bowel and/or bladder)
  • Urinary incontinence (problems controlling your urine)
  • Loss of ovarian function and early menopause
  • বিষণ্ণতা
  • যৌন কর্মহীনতা

জটিলতার ঝুঁকি বাড়াতে পারে এমন কিছু কারণের মধ্যে রয়েছে:

  • স্থূলতা
  • ধূমপান
  • হার্ট বা ফুসফুসের রোগ
  • ডায়াবেটিস
  • Previous pelvic surgery or serious infection
  • ব্যাবহার prescription and nonprescription drugs during the past month

Be sure to discuss the risks with your doctor before surgery.

কি আশা করা যায়

পদ্ধতির আগে

আপনার ডাক্তার নিম্নলিখিত করতে পারেন:

  • রক্ত এবং প্রস্রাব পরীক্ষা
  • X-ray of abdomen and kidneys
  • Pelvic ultrasound—a test that uses sound waves to visualize organs in the abdomen
  • Dilation and curettage (D&C)—surgical removal of tissue from the lining of the uterus (to check for cancer)

You should do the following:

  • Talk to your doctor about your medicines. You may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure, such as:
    • অ্যাসপিরিন বা অন্যান্য প্রদাহ বিরোধী ওষুধ
    • Blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin)
    • clopidogrel (Plavix)
  • If instructed, take enemas to clean out your intestines.
  • বাড়িতে একটি যাত্রার ব্যবস্থা করুন এবং বাড়িতে সাহায্যের জন্য।
  • Eat a light meal the night before the surgery. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight.

এনেস্থেশিয়া

General anesthesia is usually used for this surgery. Anesthesia blocks pain and keeps you asleep through the surgery. It is given through an IV in your hand or arm.

পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা

You may be given antibiotics just before surgery. There are two different methods that are described here.

Open Abdominal Hysterectomy

The doctor will make a cut in your lower abdomen. This is done to expose the tissue and blood vessels that surround the uterus. The tissue will then be cut. The blood vessels will be tied off. The uterus will be removed. Next, the doctor will sew the tissue back together and close the skin with stitches or staples. If the cervix is also removed, you will also have stitches put in the back of your vagina.

Open Surgery

Open Vaginal Hysterectomy

This method will not involve any outside incisions. The doctor will stretch the vagina and keep it open with special tools. Next, the doctor will cut free the uterus and cervix. The connecting blood vessels will be tied off. The doctor will then remove the uterus and cervix through the vagina. Lastly, the doctor will close the top of the vagina with stitches.

Vaginal Hysterectomy

With each procedure, a vaginal “packing” (sterile gauze) is placed in the vagina. This will be removed after 1-2 days.

অবিলম্বে প্রক্রিয়া পরে

In the recovery room, you will have IV fluids and medicines.

কতক্ষণ এটা লাগবে?

1-3 hours

এটা আঘাত করবে?

You will not have pain during the surgery because of the anesthesia. During your recovery time, your doctor will give you pain medicine.

গড় হাসপাতালে থাকার

  • Abdominal hysterectomy: 3-5 days
  • Vaginal hysterectomy: 1-2 days

Your doctor may choose to keep you longer if you have any complications.

পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন

হাসপাতালে

আপনি হাসপাতালে পুনরুদ্ধার করার সময়, আপনি নিম্নলিখিত যত্ন পেতে পারেন:

  • On the first night, you may be instructed to sit up in bed and to walk a short distance.
  • During the next morning, the IV will probably be removed if you are eating and drinking well.
  • You may need to wear special stockings or boots to help prevent blood clots.
  • To help you urinate, you may have a Foley catheter in your bladder.

ঘরে

During the first few days, you may have pain, bloating, vaginal bleeding, and vaginal discharge.

যখন আপনি বাড়িতে ফিরে, একটি মসৃণ পুনরুদ্ধার নিশ্চিত করতে সাহায্য করার জন্য নিম্নলিখিতগুলি করুন:

  • Follow your doctor’s instructions.
  • Take proper care of the incision site. This will help to prevent an infection.
  • কখন গোসল করা, গোসল করা বা জলে ভিজানো নিরাপদ সে সম্পর্কে আপনার ডাক্তারকে জিজ্ঞাসা করুন।
  • During the first two weeks, rest and avoid lifting.
  • Slowly increase your activities. Begin with light chores and short walks. Depending on your job, you may be able to return to work.
  • Check with your doctor to see when it is safe to drive again.
  • To promote healing, eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Ask your doctor if you need to take iron.
  • Try to avoid constipation by:
    • Eating high-fiber foods
    • Drinking plenty of water
    • Using stool softeners if needed
  • Ask your doctor when you can use tampons. Also ask about Kegel exercises.
  • Wait six weeks before resuming যৌন কার্যকলাপ.
  • If you still have a cervix, you will still need regular Pap smears.

Recovery from open abdominal hysterectomy usually takes 6-8 weeks.

আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন

After you leave the hospital, call your doctor if any of the following occur:

  • জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
  • Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, leakage, or any discharge from the incision site
  • Incision opens up
  • Nausea and/or vomiting that you cannot control with the medicines you were given or that last longer than two days
  • মাথা ঘোরা বা অজ্ঞান হয়ে যাওয়া
  • কাশি, শ্বাসকষ্ট বা বুকে ব্যথা
  • Heavy bleeding
  • ব্যথা যা আপনি ওষুধ দিয়ে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারবেন না
  • Pain, burning, urgency or frequency of urination, or persistent blood in the urine
  • Swelling, redness, or pain in your leg

জরুরী পরিস্থিতিতে, অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।

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