What Is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that strikes the liver. The virus causes the liver damage. Liver function is reduced. Waste that is normally eliminated by the liver builds up in the blood. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, usually results.
Hepatitis A is passed from person to person through contact with infected stool. You can get the virus from an infected child by changing a diaper or by having sexual contact with an infected person. Contaminated food and water can also spread the virus.
The virus is very common in developing countries. It also occurs in the United States.
উপসর্গ অন্তর্ভুক্ত:
- জ্বর
- জন্ডিস
- ক্লান্তি
- Abdominal pain or soreness
- Lack of appetite
- বমি বমি ভাব এবং বমি
- মাথাব্যথা
- ঠাণ্ডা
If you have been in contact with the virus and have not been vaccinated, a shot of the vaccine or immune globulin (IG) can prevent you from getting sick. It can also prevent you from spreading the virus. Either shot should be given as soon as possible.
If you do get sick, usually symptoms will resolve after rest, drinking plenty of fluids. You should also avoid medication that can damage the liver and alcohol.
At times, people with hepatitis A need to be hospitalized. Rarely, the infection can be fatal if the liver is severely damaged.
What Is the Hepatitis A Vaccine?
দ্য vaccine contains an inactivated form of the hepatitis A virus. It is given as an injection in the arm.
A combined vaccine that protects against both hepatitis A and hepatitis B is also available.
কাদের টিকা দেওয়া উচিত এবং কখন?
The vaccine is recommended for all বয়সী শিশু 12-23 months. The two doses of the series are given 6-18 months apart. Children who have not been vaccinated can receive the shot at their next doctor’s visit.
The following people should also get vaccinated:
- বয়সী শিশুরা 24 months or older who are at high risk and have not been previously vaccinated.
- People traveling to areas where hepatitis A is prevalent. The CDC’s Traveler’s Health website shows which areas have high rates hepatitis A.
- Men who have যৌনতা with men.
- Injection drug users.
- People who are at risk because of their job.
- People with chronic liver disease.
- People treated with clotting factor concentrates.
- People who will have close contact with an adopted child from a medium- or high-risk area.
- People who want immunity to hepatitis A.
In general, people who are traveling should get the first dose at least one month before leaving the United States. Getting the vaccine anytime before traveling may also result in some protection.
What Are the Risks Associated With the Hepatitis A Vaccine?
There is a very small risk of severe allergic reaction, with symptoms such as:
- শ্বাস নিতে কষ্ট হওয়া
- চামড়া ফুসকুড়ি
- দ্রুত হৃদস্পন্দন
- হালকা মাথাব্যথা
- ঘ্রাণ
Moderate side effects include:
- Soreness at the site of injection
- মাথাব্যথা
- ক্ষুধামান্দ্য
- ক্লান্তি
কে টিকা দেওয়া উচিত নয়?
The following people should not get vaccinated:
- Children under one year of age
- Anyone who has already had hepatitis A
- Anyone who has previously had a severe allergic reaction to the hepatitis A vaccine
- Anyone who has previously had a severe allergic reaction to any component of the hepatitis A vaccine, (including alum or 2-phenoxyethanol
- Anyone who is very ill
What Other Ways Can Hepatitis A Be Prevented Besides Vaccination?
- Wash your hands with soap and water, especially after using the restroom or changing a diaper.
- IG given before and after exposure is another way of preventing and treating the virus.
- Twinrix is another vaccine that protects against both hepatitis A and B.
একটি প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঘটনা কি ঘটবে?
If a food-borne outbreak occurs, the source of the contaminated food will be identified and eliminated. In any hepatitis A outbreak, the affected community will get vaccinated to prevent the virus from spreading.