সংজ্ঞা
Dialysis is a treatment that takes over the job of your kidneys if they fail. The kidneys perform many functions that help your body stay healthy. They help clear toxins out of your blood and help your body balance salt levels. Most patients begin dialysis when their kidneys have lost 85%-90% of their ability. You may be on dialysis for a short time, or you may need it for the rest of your life.
If you have kidneys that are not working and the damage is not reversible, you have end stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD is caused by conditions such as diabetes,kidney cancer, drug use, high blood pressure, or other problems. Dialysis is not a cure for ESRD, but it does help you feel better and live longer.
There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis এবং peritoneal dialysis. This fact sheet will focus on hemodialysis.
পদ্ধতির কারণ
The main functions of hemodialysis are to:
- Remove waste and excess fluid from your blood
- Control blood pressure
- Keep a safe level of salts in the body, such as potassium, sodium, and chloride
It may also be done to remove toxins from the bloodstream quickly. It can be used in cases of poisoning or drug overdose.
সম্ভাব্য জটিলতা
পদ্ধতি থেকে সমস্যা বিরল, কিন্তু সমস্ত পদ্ধতির কিছু ঝুঁকি আছে। আপনার ডাক্তার সম্ভাব্য সমস্যা পর্যালোচনা করবেন, যেমন:
- A drop in blood pressure during hemodialysis
- Heart rhythm abnormalities
- Muscle cramps
- বমি বমি ভাব বমি
- মাথাব্যথা
- সংক্রমণ
- Feeling hot, sweaty, weak, and/or lightheaded
- Inflammation of the heart sac, a condition called pericarditis
- Neurologic problems
- Disruption of calcium and phosphorus balance, resulting in weakened bones
If you have heart problems, this may increase your risk of complications from hemodialysis.
কি আশা করা যায়
পদ্ধতির আগে
Usually, before your first hemodialysis, you will have some sort of tubing attached to a large vein. The tubing will make blood flow from your body to the machine and back more easily. If you will be on hemodialysis for a long time, you may have had surgery to create a shunt or a fistula, which makes access to a large vein easier. Fistulas may need as long as 2–3 months to fully heal before they can be used.
Before your hemodialysis, you will:
- Have your weight, blood pressure, and temperature taken
- Be given heparin to prevent blood clotting.
এনেস্থেশিয়া
If needle insertion is needed, you will be given a topical pain-numbing medication.
পদ্ধতির বর্ণনা
Hemodialysis is done at a dialysis center or hospital. It may be done at home with assistance.
During the procedure, blood is filtered through an artificial kidney machine, called a dialyzer. The blood travels from your body to the machine through tubes inserted into a large vein in your body. After the blood is filtered in the machine, it travels back into your body through another tube.
কতক্ষণ এটা লাগবে?
Hemodialysis is usually done three times a week. Each treatment can last 2-4 hours. The specific time needed depends on:
- How much kidney function remains
- How much fluid ওজন বৃদ্ধি has occurred since the last treatment
- The amount of waste in the body
- Body size
- The level of salts in your body, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride
এটা আঘাত করবে?
In general, hemodialysis does not cause pain. You will not feel the blood exchange. There may be some temporary discomfort inserting the needle or tube.
পোস্ট-প্রক্রিয়া যত্ন
কেয়ার সেন্টারে
Your blood pressure will be monitored. After the procedure is complete and blood pressure is stable, you can continue daily activities.
ঘরে
Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions. There are some special considerations:
Dietary Guidelines
Certain dietary guidelines should be followed. This will help maintain overall health and optimize treatment effects. Talk to your doctor about your specific dietary needs.
ওষুধ
Your doctor may give you various medications. These include, but are not limited to:
- Blood pressure medications
- Calcium supplements or multivitamins
- Phosphorus binders—to lower phosphorus levels in the blood
- Diuretics—to remove excess fluid
- Stool softeners or laxatives—to prevent or treat constipation, which can be caused by decreased fluid intake
- Iron supplements—to increase iron intake, which is important to make red blood cells
- Medications to stimulate the body to produce more red blood cells
আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন
Call your doctor if any of the following occurs:
- জ্বর এবং ঠাণ্ডা সহ সংক্রমণের লক্ষণ
- Redness, swelling, warmth, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge at the catheter or tube insertion site
- বমি বমি ভাব বা বমি হওয়া
- পেটে ব্যথা
- Lightheadedness or weakness
আপনি যদি মনে করেন আপনার জরুরী অবস্থা আছে, তাহলে অবিলম্বে চিকিৎসা সহায়তার জন্য কল করুন।