সংজ্ঞা
High blood pressure is abnormally high blood pressure with no known cause. Blood pressure measurements are read as two numbers:
- Systolic pressure: higher number, normal reading is 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or less
- Diastolic pressure: lower number, normal reading is 80 mmHg or less
High blood pressure is defined as systolic pressure greater than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHg. You are considered prehypertensive if your systolic blood pressure is between 120-139 mmHg, or your diastolic pressure is between 80- 89 mmHg. Your doctor will recommend monitoring and lifestyle changes.
High blood pressure puts stress on the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels. Over time, this condition can damage these organs and tissues.
কারণসমূহ
The cause of essential hypertension is not known.
ঝুঁকির কারণ
These factors increase your chance of developing high blood pressure. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:
- লিঙ্গ:
- Male
- Postmenopausal female
- জাতি: কালো
- Age: middle-aged and older
- অতিরিক্ত ওজন
- Heavy drinking of alcohol
- ধূমপান
- Use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
- আসীন জীবনধারা
- পারিবারিক ইতিহাস
- কিডনি রোগ
- ডায়াবেটিস
- High-fat, high-salt diet
- মানসিক চাপ
লক্ষণ
High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. But, the condition can still damage your organs and tissues.
Occasionally, if blood pressure reaches extreme levels, you may have the following:
- মাথাব্যথা
- Blurry or double vision
- পেটে ব্যথা
- বুক ব্যাথা
- নিঃশ্বাসের দুর্বলতা
- মাথা ঘোরা
রোগ নির্ণয়
High blood pressure is often diagnosed during a doctor’s visit. Blood pressure is measured using an arm cuff and a special device. If your reading is high, you will come back for repeat checks. If you have three visits with readings over 140/90 mmHG, you will be diagnosed with high blood pressure.
Your doctor will order tests to make sure your high blood pressure is not caused by another condition. You will also be tested to see if the high blood pressure has caused any problems.
Tests include:
- রক্ত পরীক্ষা
- প্রস্রাব পরীক্ষা
- Chest x-rays—a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body
- Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)—a test that records the heart’s activity by measuring electrical currents through the heart muscle
চিকিৎসা
জীবনধারা পরিবর্তন
- একটি স্বাস্থ্যকর ওজন বজায় রাখা.
- আপনার ডাক্তারের পরামর্শ নিয়ে একটি নিরাপদ ব্যায়াম প্রোগ্রাম শুরু করুন।
- আপনি যদি ধূমপান করেন তবে ছেড়ে দিন।
- Eat a healthful diet, one that is low fat, low salt, and rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables. Your doctor may recommend the DASH diet, which is designed to reduce blood pressure.
- Drink alcohol in moderation (no more than two drinks per day for men, one drink per day for women).
- চাপ কে সামলাও.
ওষুধ
These include:
- মূত্রবর্ধক
- Beta blockers
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
- ক্যালসিয়াম চ্যানেল ব্লকার
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
- Aldosterone blockers
- Alpha blockers
- Alpha-beta blockers
- Nervous system inhibitors
- Vasodilators
বিঃদ্রঃ: Untreated high blood pressure can lead to:
- হৃদরোগ
- হৃদপিন্ডে হঠাৎ আক্রমণ
- স্ট্রোক
- কিডনির ক্ষতি
If you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, follow your doctor’s instructions.
প্রতিরোধ
To help reduce your risk of getting high blood pressure, take the following steps:
- Eat a well-balanced diet. The DASH diet—rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy foods, and low in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol—may help keep your blood pressure in the healthy range.
- ব্যায়াম নিয়মিত.
- Maintain a healthy weight. (Your body mass index should be below 25.)
- আপনি যদি ধূমপান করেন তবে ছেড়ে দিন।
- Drink alcohol in moderation. Moderate is two or fewer drinks per day for men and one or fewer drinks per day for women and older adults.