সংজ্ঞা

The bones of the back are called the vertebrae. A vertebral fracture is a break in one of these bones. A vertebral compression fracture occurs when the front part of the bone is squeezed or compressed.

ভার্টেব্রাল কম্প্রেশন ফ্র্যাকচার

কারণসমূহ

A vertebral compression fracture can be caused by:

  • Osteoporosis—a condition of weakened bones
  • A blow to the back
  • Falling down
  • Landing on your heels when jumping from a height
  • Having major trauma (for example, from a motor vehicle accident)

ঝুঁকির কারণ

Other than trauma, osteoporosis is the main cause of most vertebral compression fractures.

Factors that increase the risk of osteoporosis include:

  • Race: Caucasian or Asian
  • লিঙ্গ: মহিলা
  • Advancing age:
    • Females: 60 and older
    • Males: 70 and older
  • Postmenopausal
  • স্ট্রোক
  • হাইপারথাইরয়েডিজম
  • Use of certain medicines:
    • Long-acting benzodiazepines
    • ট্রাইসাইক্লিক এন্টিডিপ্রেসেন্টস
    • Anticonvulsants
    • Long-term steroid use
  • Limited physical activity
  • Housebound
  • কম পুষ্টি উপাদান
  • ধূমপান
  • Mother or maternal grandmother with hip fracture (a genetic disposition)
  • Other factors that may increase the risk of vertebral fractures include the following:
    • Use of antipsychotic medicines
    • Poor mental functioning
    • Poor mobility
    • Poor strength
    • Previous vertebral fracture within the last year

লক্ষণ

Symptoms may include mild-to-severe pain in the middle or lower back.

রোগ নির্ণয়

আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে।

পরীক্ষা অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:

  • X-rays of the spine—to look for a fracture
  • MRI scan—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body
  • CT scan—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the body
  • Bone scan—a test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone activity
  • Bone mineral density test—to help determine if you have osteoporosis, and if so, how severe it is

চিকিৎসা

চিকিত্সা অন্তর্ভুক্ত:

সার্জারি

Vertebroplasty involves liquid cement being injected into the vertebra. It can help relieve the pain associated with vertebral fractures. It is not suitable for everyone. The procedure may be best for recent fractures. Talk with your doctor to see if this option may be right for you. For example, it may not be as helpful in people whose fractures are due to osteoporosis.

In kyphoplasty, a balloon is used to create a cavity. The cement is injected into the cavity. This procedure is designed to relieve pain. It can also improve spinal deformities from the fractures.

Nonsurgical Treatments

আপনার ডাক্তার লিখতে পারেন:

  • Brief period of bed rest and a decrease in activity
  • Medicine to control the pain
  • Strengthening exercises for your back muscles
  • Back brace

Treatment for Osteoporosis

ওষুধ

To prevent further bone loss, medicines may include:

  • Estrogen/progesterin hormone replacement therapy
  • Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate)
  • Estrogen agonist/antagonist (raloxifene)
  • Calcitonin (Miacalcin, Fortical)
  • Parathyroid hormone

Your doctor may also recommend the following to maintain your bones:

  • Vitamin and mineral supplements, especially calcium and vitamin D—Studies indicate that the combination of calcium and vitamin D appears to help bone loss.
  • Lifestyle changes—These may include weight-bearing and resistance exercises for both the upper and lower extremities.

প্রতিরোধ

Building strong bones will help prevent fractures. However, most bone strength is attained by women before they are 25 years old. That makes maintaining bone density and strength at older ages even more important.

  • Get plenty of weight-bearing exercise. This includes walking, jogging, or sports such as tennis.
  • Do resistance exercises for arms and legs. This will help to improve your strength and balance.
  • Get plenty of calcium, ভিটামিন ডি, and protein in your diet. Talk to your doctor if you think you need supplements.
  • If you have osteoporosis, you should talk to your doctor about treatment options. If you had an early menopause, talk to your doctor about this.
  • Stop smoking. Drink alcohol only in moderation. Moderate alcohol intake is two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.
  • Eliminate any obstacles in your home that could cause you to fall. These may include throw rugs or furniture.
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