সংজ্ঞা
Traveler’s diarrhea is diarrhea in people who travel to international destinations. It often happens in less developed countries.
কারণসমূহ
The primary cause of traveler’s diarrhea is ingesting food or water that contains feces. The substance carries a bacteria, virus, or parasite that causes the diarrhea. Examples of agents that can cause the diarrhea include:
- Bacteria (most common cause)
- Escherichia coli, especially Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
- Campylobacter
- Shigella
- সালমোনেলা
- ভাইরাস
- রোটাভাইরাস
- Norwalk virus
- Parasites
- Giardia lambli
- Entamoeba histolytica
The pathogen that causes the infection will partly depend on the area of travel.
ঝুঁকির কারণ
The most important risk factor for getting traveler’s diarrhea is the destination. Underdeveloped countries with unsafe water supplies pose the highest risk. The following factors increase your chance of getting traveler’s diarrhea. If you have any of these risk factors and plan to travel internationally, tell your doctor:
- People with weak immune systems
- People with diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease
- People who take acid blockers or antacids
লক্ষণ
লক্ষণগুলি অন্তর্ভুক্ত করতে পারে:
- Increased frequency and volume of stool
- Frequent loose stools (4-5 watery bowel movements a day)
- Abdominal cramping
- বমি বমি ভাব
- বমি
- জ্বর
- ফোলা
রোগ নির্ণয়
আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে।
A stool sample may be taken. This will allow your doctor to identify the pathogen.
Your doctor may direct you to self-treat if you are travelling to certain countries and have sudden moderate to severe diarrhea.
চিকিৎসা
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. People who get traveler’s diarrhea usually get better within 3-5 days even without treatment. Treatment options include the following:
হাইড্রেশন
It is important for people who have diarrhea to make sure they are drinking plenty of clear fluids. This will replace the fluids lost in the diarrhea. Some people may need to use an oral rehydration solution such as children and older adults who are more likely to become dehydrated.
অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক
Antibiotics may reduce how long symptoms last by 1-2 days. These antibiotics are only helpful for treating infections caused by a bacteria.
Antimotility Agents
Antimotility agents may help relieve symptoms of diarrhea. Examples of these medicines include:
- Loperamide (Immodium)—Should not be used in children less than 2 years old, people with fever over 101.3 degrees F (38.5 degrees Celsius), and people with bloody diarrhea.
- Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)—Should not be used in children, pregnant women, people with allergies to aspirin or salicylates.
If you are diagnosed with traveler’s diarrhea, follow your doctor’s instructions .
প্রতিরোধ
To help reduce your chance of getting traveler’s diarrhea, take the following steps:
- Avoid eating foods from street vendors or unsanitary eating establishments.
- Avoid raw or undercooked meat or seafood.
- Eat foods that are fully cooked and served hot.
- Avoid salads or unpeeled fruits. Have only fruits and vegetables that you peel yourself, such as bananas or oranges.
- Do not drink tap water or add ice cubes made from tap water.
- Drink only bottled water with a sealed cap or, if necessary, local water that you have boiled for 10 minutes or treated with iodine or chlorine.
- Bottled carbonated beverages, steaming hot tea or coffee, wine, and beer are all okay to drink.