সংজ্ঞা

Tension headache refers to head pain associated with stress and muscle contraction. These headaches may occur only occasionally in response to a stressful event. They may also be chronic, occurring frequently. Some tension headaches are nearly constant, with daily pain that may vary in intensity.

চিন্তার মাথা ব্যাথা

কারণসমূহ

Tension headaches may occur when muscles in the neck, face, and scalp contract, which produce pain. The precise cause of this muscle contraction is unknown. Factors that may contribute to tension headache include:

  • মানসিক চাপ
  • দুশ্চিন্তা
  • বিষণ্ণতা
  • Eyestrain
  • দরিদ্র অঙ্গবিন্যাস
  • Injuries or arthritis of the neck area
  • Temporomandibular joint disease (TMJ)
  • Chemical imbalances in the brain

ঝুঁকির কারণ

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Your risk of getting a tension headache increases with:

  • বিষণ্ণতা
  • দুশ্চিন্তা
  • লিঙ্গ: মহিলা
  • Teeth clenching or grinding
  • নিদ্রাহীনতা
  • ওষুধ
  • Sleep disruption
  • Low physical activity
  • Being Overweight
  • ধূমপান

লক্ষণ

Tension headache symptoms usually start slowly and build.

উপসর্গ অন্তর্ভুক্ত:

  • Constant, steady pain and pressure
  • Dull and achy pain
  • Pain felt on both sides of the head, in the forehead, temples, and the back of the head
  • Pressure may feel like a tight band around the head
  • Intensity ranges from mild to severe and can vary during the day
  • Tightness in head and neck muscles

Headaches can become so severe and constant that they interfere with normal activities and sleep.

রোগ নির্ণয়

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The cause of a headache can be difficult to determine.

পরীক্ষা অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:

  • Neurological exam
  • রক্ত পরীক্ষা
  • Neck x-ray—a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body, especially bones
  • সিটি স্ক্যান—এক ধরনের এক্স-রে যা মাথার ভিতরের কাঠামোর ছবি তুলতে কম্পিউটার ব্যবহার করে
  • MRI scan—a type of machine that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to make pictures of structures inside the head

চিকিৎসা

Tension headaches are managed, rather than cured. Therapies aim to stop the headache and reduce the frequency of future episodes.

চিকিত্সা অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:

ওষুধ

ঔষধ অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:

  • Over-the-counter pain pills—Continuous use of some over-the-counter medication may create rebound pain when you stop taking the drug. Using these medicines too much can cause headaches. Pain medications are most effective when taken at the first sign of pain and before it becomes severe.
  • Prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)or muscle relaxants
  • Drugs to prevent headaches, if you suffer from daily tension headaches
  • Antidepressant medications, even if you are not clinically depressed
  • Botulinum toxin injections (Botox)

মাথাব্যথার সময় স্ব-যত্ন

Self-care may include:

  • বিশ্রাম
  • Put an ice pack or heat pack on your head or neck to ease discomfort
  • Take a warm shower, with water running over tense muscles
  • Massage your temples and neck
  • Practice relaxation techniques

জীবনধারা পরিবর্তন

Lifestyle changes may include:

  • Exercise regularly
  • Improve your posture
  • প্রচুর ঘুম পান
  • Take breaks from tasks
  • Learn and practice stress management and relaxation techniques
  • Consider seeing a counselor to:
    • Develop new coping skills
    • Identify events that trigger the headaches and work toward resolution
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Additional Therapies

Additional therapies may include:

  • আকুপাংচার —Acupuncture may help you to have more headache-free days and lessen the intensity of headaches when they do occur.
  • Physical therapy —Physical therapists can help you develop a home-exercise program.
  • Massage therapy if the pain is in your neck and shoulders

If you are diagnosed with a tension headache, follow your doctor’s instructions.

প্রতিরোধ

You may be able to reduce the chance of a tension headache by learning how to manage stress. Try the following strategies:

  • Keep a diary, marking when headaches occur and what you were doing before they started.
  • Learn to recognize what provokes a tension headache.
  • Avoid or minimize stressful situations.
  • Take frequent breaks to walk or move around.
  • Make time for pleasurable activities.
  • Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and focusing on something pleasant.
  • Learn techniques for coping with difficult or stressful situations.
  • Make time for friends and build a strong support system.
  • Go to bed early and get a good night’s sleep.
  • ব্যায়াম নিয়মিত.
  • Do not slouch.
  • Hold the phone, rather than cradling it on your shoulder, or use a headset.
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