সংজ্ঞা
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal. The spinal canal is located in the backbone. It is a small space that holds the nerve roots and spinal cord. If this space becomes smaller, it can squeeze the nerves and the spinal cord. This causes pain and other symptoms. Stenosis can occur anywhere along the spinal cord. It is most common in the low back (lumbar) region.
কারণসমূহ
Some people are born with narrowed canals. Most often stenosis is a result of aging. Conditions that can cause spinal stenosis include:
- Osteoarthritis and osteophytes (bony spurs) associated with aging
- রিউমাটয়েড আর্থ্রাইটিস
- Spinal tumors
- ট্রমা
- Paget’s disease of the bone
- আগের অস্ত্রোপচার
ঝুঁকির কারণ
Factors that increase your chance of spinal stenosis include:
- একটি সরু মেরুদণ্ডের খাল নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করা
- বয়স: 50 বা তার বেশি
- Previous injury or surgery of the spine
লক্ষণ
উপসর্গ অন্তর্ভুক্ত:
- Numbness, weakness, cramping, or pain in the legs and thighs
- Radiating pain down the leg
- Abnormal bowel and/or bladder function
- Decreased sensation in the feet causing difficulty placing the feet when walking
- Loss of sexual function
- Partial or complete paralysis of legs
রোগ নির্ণয়
আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে।
পরীক্ষা অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:
- X-ray—a test that uses radiation to take pictures of structures inside the body; in this case, to check for abnormalities in the bones of the back including osteoarthritis, bone spurs, and obvious narrowing of the spinal canal
- CT scan—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of the bones of the back, which helps to evaluate the spinal canal
- MRI scan—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of soft tissue, such as the spinal cord and the spinal nerves inside the back
চিকিৎসা
চিকিত্সা অন্তর্ভুক্ত:
ঔষধ
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—to relieve pain and inflammation
- Analgesics—to relieve pain
- Corticosteroid injections—to reduce pain and inflammation
শারীরিক চিকিৎসা
Special exercises can help stabilize the spinal cord. Exercise can increase muscle endurance and mobility of the spine. This can relieve some pain. Sometimes exercises are ineffective against spinal stenosis.
Support Devices
Wearing a corset or lumbar brace can help stabilize the spine. This may relieve pain.
সার্জারি
Surgery is reserved for severe cases.
- Decompression laminectomy —This is the removal of bony spurs or increased bone mass in the spinal canal. This can free up space for the nerves and the spinal cord.
- স্পাইনাল ফিউশন —This is when two vertebrae (back bones) are fused together. This will provide stronger support for the spine. This is almost always done after decompression laminectomy.
প্রতিরোধ
There are no guidelines for preventing spinal stenosis.