সংজ্ঞা

Small bowel obstruction means the small intestine is partially or totally blocked. When this happens, the contents of the intestine cannot properly get out of the body. Stools, fluid, and gas build up inside the intestine. This is a potentially serious condition that requires urgent medical care.

কারণসমূহ

Bowel obstruction may be caused by a “mechanical” problem. In this case, something inside the body blocks the movement of material through the intestine.

Bowel obstruction can also be caused by an ileus, which is when the bowel itself does not work right. This nonmechanical type of obstruction is called paralytic ileus, or pseudo-obstruction. It is often the cause of obstruction in infants and children.

“Mechanical” small bowel obstruction has many possible causes, including:

  • Hernias
  • Scar tissue left behind by operations (adhesions)
  • Gallstones (rarely)
  • Crohn’s disease (an inflammatory bowel condition)
  • Small bowel tumor
  • Abnormal growth of tissue adjacent to the small bowel
  • Folding in the wall of the intestine ( intussusception)
  • Twisted intestine (volvulus)
  • Foreign bodies (items that were swallowed and got stuck)

Paralytic ileus may be caused by:

  • Medications, especially narcotics
  • Infection in the lining of the small bowel (eg, intestinal flu in older children)
  • Decreased blood supply to the small bowel
  • Abdominal, joint, or spine surgery
  • কিডনি রোগ
  • Long-standing diabetes

ছোট অন্ত্র বিঘ্ন

ঝুঁকির কারণ

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. The following factors increase your chances of developing small bowel obstruction. If you have any of these risk factors, tell your doctor:

  • হার্নিয়া
  • Crohn’s disease
  • ক্যান্সার
  • পেটের অস্ত্রোপচার
  • Swallowing a foreign body

লক্ষণ

If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to a small bowel obstruction. These উপসর্গ সৃষ্টি হতে পারে by other, less serious health conditions. However, if they are severe or persistent, consult your doctor. In the case of small bowel obstruction, symptoms often occur in combination.

The symptoms for “mechanical” small bowel obstruction include:

  • Abdominal fullness and/or excessive gas
  • Abdomen feels stretched out more than normal (abdominal distention)
  • Pain and cramps in stomach area
  • বমি
  • Constipation (cannot pass gas or stool)
  • ডায়রিয়া
  • নিঃশ্বাসে দুর্গন্ধ

The symptoms of paralytic ileus include:

  • Abdominal fullness and/or excessive gas
  • Abdominal distention
  • খাওয়ার পর বমি হয়
  • Pain is often less severe than in “mechanical” small bowel obstruction

রোগ নির্ণয়

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The exam will include listening for bowel sounds in your stomach. Very high pitched bowel sounds heard through a stethoscope suggest mechanical bowel obstruction, whereas paralytic ileus often produces no bowel sounds. Your doctor may recommend that you see a gastroenterologist or surgeon depending on the suspected diagnosis.

পরীক্ষায় নিম্নলিখিতগুলি অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকতে পারে:

চিকিৎসা

If small bowel obstruction is present, expect to be hospitalized. Treatment options include:

Monitoring and IV Fluids

At the hospital the doctors will watch closely to see if the blockage will get better on its own, which is often the case in the event of a paralytic ileus. No food will be allowed and fluids will be given through an IV (intravenous) tube.

Nasogastric Tube

A tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach to remove fluids and gas, which can promptly relieve pain and pressure.

সার্জারি

Surgery is often required to relieve mechanical blockages, particularly those associated with cancer, scar tissue, and hernias.

প্রতিরোধ

There are no known ways to prevent small bowel disease, except, of course, avoiding nonedible foreign substances that could get stuck.

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