সংজ্ঞা
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. It affects the small airways and air sacs in the lungs.
Pneumonias are sometimes described by where and how you were infected, for example:
- Community-acquired pneumonia—acquired in the community (at school, work, gym)
- Nosocomial pneumonia—acquired in a hospital
- Aspiration pneumonia—happens when a foreign matter is inhaled (commonly happens while throwing up stomach contents)
কারণসমূহ
Pneumonia may be caused by:
- ব্যাকটেরিয়া
- Virus—flu virus is common cause
- Other specific germs Atypical pneumonia
- Fungus—common in people with immuncompromised conditions like AIDS
আকাঙ্ক্ষা
ঝুঁকির কারণ
Factors that increase your chance of pneumonia include:
- Age: Infants, young children, and older adults
- Living in crowded living conditions (such as dormitories or nursing homes)
- ধূমপান
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Trouble swallowing or coughing
- Having certain lung conditions:
- হাঁপানি
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- সিস্টিক ফাইব্রোসিস
- Being on a ventilator
- হৃদরোগ
- ডায়াবেটিস
- Weakened immune system
- অপুষ্টি
- Chronic exposure to certain chemicals (such as work in construction or agriculture)
লক্ষণ
Symptoms of pneumonia may include some or all of the following:
- কাশি
- Increased phlegm production
- জ্বর এবং সর্দি
- শ্বাসকষ্ট
- বুক ব্যাথা
- দুর্বলতা
রোগ নির্ণয়
আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে। একটি সংক্রমণ বা সংক্রমণের নির্দিষ্ট কারণগুলি সন্ধান করতে আপনার ডাক্তার জিজ্ঞাসা করতে পারেন:
- রক্ত পরীক্ষা
- প্রস্রাব পরীক্ষা
- রক্তের সংস্কৃতি
- Sputum test—exam of phlegm
Your doctor may also need to take detailed pictures of your lungs. This is done with achest x-ray.
Pneumonia can cause problems with breathing. This may make it difficult for you to get enough oxygen. To measure the level of oxygen in your blood your doctor may do the following tests:
- পালস অক্সিমেট্রি
- ধমনী রক্তের গ্যাস
চিকিৎসা
Treatment of pneumonia depends on:
- What caused the pneumonia
- লক্ষণগুলির তীব্রতা
- Other factors, like your overall health
People with severe pneumonia may need to be hospitalized.
ওষুধ
Common treatment approaches include:
- Antibiotics—for pneumonia caused by bacteria
- বিঃদ্রঃ: Antibiotics are ineffective for treating viral pneumonia.
- Antiviral medications—for pneumonia caused by a virus in young children and people with weakened immune systems
It is very important to take the medication as prescribed. Stopping medication early may cause a relapse. It may also create a strain of drug-resistant bacteria. An infection with a drug-resistant bacteria can be more severe and harder to cure.
পারিবারিক যত্ন
These steps will help you stay strong while you recover:
- Get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids
- Eat a healthy diet. It should include lots of fruits and vegetables.
- If you do not get enough vitamin C in your diet, ask your doctor about a supplement. This may be beneficial for some.
- Take over-the-counter medication to reduce fever and aches.
প্রতিরোধ
Certain vaccines may prevent pneumonia:
- Flu shot—pneumonia may be a complication of the flu for people at high risk, particularly the elderly
- Pneumococcal vaccine—General recommendations for this vaccine include:
- PCV vaccine series for children
- PPSV for adults aged 65 years and older and for younger people who have a high risk of infection
- Haemophilus influenzae vaccine—to protect against a bacteria that can cause pneumonia or meningitis, recommeded for
- Children in the United States who are younger than 5 years old
- Often is given to infants starting at 2 months of age
Other preventive measures include:
- Avoid smoking. Smoke weakens the lungs’ resistance to infection.
- Avoid close contact with people who have the cold or flu.
- আপনার হাত প্রায়শই ধুয়ে নিন।
- Protect yourself on jobs that include chemicals or other lung irritants.
- Eat a healthy diet. If you do not get enough vitamin C or zinc in your diet, ask your doctor if you should take these supplements.
- Get adequate rest.
- ব্যায়াম নিয়মিত.