সংজ্ঞা
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor. It is made up of special adrenal gland cells. These cells secrete hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones help to regulate the heart rate and blood pressure. The cells may secrete excessive amounts of the hormones. This results in periods of:
- Very high blood pressure
- Rapid heart beat or palpitations
- Excess sweating
- তীব্র মাথাব্যথা
Most of these tumors are benign (noncancerous). About 10% are malignant (cancerous). Most of the tumors grow on the adrenal glands. The glands are on top of the kidneys. About 10%-20% the tumors occur elsewhere in the body.
কারণসমূহ
The cause is not yet known. Scientists suspect a genetic link.
ঝুঁকির কারণ
Factors associated with pheochromocytoma include:
- A family history of pheochromocytoma, tumors in other glands of the body, or other hormonal disorders
- Genetic diseases including:
- Von Hippel-Lindau disease
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Paraganglioma syndromes
লক্ষণ
Up to 50% of patients have no symptoms. This tumor is found during the investigation of some other unrelated illness.
Symptoms may occur many times during the day. They can also occur as infrequently as once every few months. Symptoms may be brought on by pressure on the tumor (during a massage), medicines (such as certain anesthetics and beta-blockers), or intense emotion. Symptoms can include:
- তীব্র মাথাব্যথা
- অত্যাধিক ঘামা
- Fast heart rate ( tachycardia)
- Sensation of a panic attack
- Vision changes (blurred vision)
- Nausea, vomiting, constipation
- Pounding heart beat (palpitations)
- বুক ব্যাথা
- Involuntary trembling (tremor)
- Pain in the lower chest or upper abdomen
- Warmth, flushing
- Increased appetite
- ওজন কমানো
- অনিদ্রা
- High blood pressure (either sporadic or constant)
- Tingling, burning, or numbness in the legs and feet
- নিঃশ্বাসের দুর্বলতা
- পেশীর দূর্বলতা
- দুশ্চিন্তা
- Unable to cope with high temperature
- Aggressive or unusual behavior
রোগ নির্ণয়
Your doctor will take a medical history. A physical exam will be done.
আপনার ডাক্তারকে আপনার শারীরিক তরল পরীক্ষা করতে হতে পারে। এটি দিয়ে করা যেতে পারে:
- 24-hour urine testing
- Blood testing
- Clonidine suppression test
Your doctor may need images of your body structures. This can be done with:
- সিটি স্ক্যান
- আল্ট্রাসাউন্ড
- এম.আর. আই স্ক্যান
- MIBG scintiscan (or adrenal medullary imaging)
- Fluorodopamine PET scan
চিকিৎসা
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
If the tumor is benign, it is removed. This procedure uses small incisions and special instruments.
Sometimes, the adrenal glands are removed as a part of this process.
ওষুধ
Prior to surgery, high blood pressure will need to be brought under control using blood pressure lowering medicines.
কেমোথেরাপি
This may be used if the tumor is cancerous and has spread outside of the adrenal glands.
Radiation may also be used to help destroy the tumors if they have spread
প্রতিরোধ
There are no known prevention methods.