সংজ্ঞা
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. The infection may be:
- Acute (for a short time)
- Chronic (lasting for a long time)
In adults, the pelvis and vertebrae (bones of the back) are the most common sites. In children, the long bones are most likely to be affected. These are found in arms and legs.
কারণসমূহ
This infection can occur as a result of an injury to the bone. It can also be caused by an infection in the body carried by the blood.
ঝুঁকির কারণ
Factors that increase your chance of osteomyelitis include:
- Age: young children and older adults
- সেক্স পুরুষ
- Trauma or injury to the bone and skin
- Broken bones, especially if open to or sticking through the skin
- ডায়াবেটিস মেলিটাস
- Kidney dialysis
- Intravenous drug abuse
- Weakened immune system
- দরিদ্র সঞ্চালন
- সিকেল সেল অ্যানিমিয়া
- Any operation on a joint or bone, such as a hip replacement or internal fixation of a fracture
লক্ষণ
উপসর্গ অন্তর্ভুক্ত:
- হাড়ের ব্যথা
- জ্বর বা ঠান্ডা লাগা
- Tenderness, warmth, swelling, or redness of the skin or joint
- Drainage of pus
- বমি বমি ভাব
- Fatigue or irritability
- Restricted movement of the area
- A sore over bone that does not heal
রোগ নির্ণয়
আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে। পরীক্ষা অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:
- Blood tests—to check for signs of infection
- Needle aspiration of a joint—use of a needle to remove a sample for testing and culture
- Bone biopsy—removal of a sample of bone to test for abnormal cells
- X-rays—bone and tissue changes on x-ray may indicate osteomyelitis
- Bone scan—a series of pictures of bones taken after injection of a small amount of radioactive material that highlights the bones
- CT or MRI—radiographic tests to evaluate any bone changes that may indicate osteomyelitis
চিকিৎসা
Your doctor may immobilize the affected area with a splint. He or she may also recommend avoiding any weight bearing on the area.
অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক
This infection is treated with antibiotics. They are given by IV and sometimes by mouth.
- Acute osteomyelitis is treated for at least 4-6 weeks
- Chronic osteomyelitis may require antibiotics for a longer period of time
সার্জারি
For chronic infection, surgery may be required to:
- Clean infected bone via scraping and irrigating the area
- Remove any fragments of dead bone or tissue that may prolong the infection
In severe cases, amputation may be necessary.
চামড়া কলম
In some situations, your doctor may recommend a skin graft. The skin in the affected area is replaced with healthy skin taken from another part of your body.
If you are diagnosed with osteomyelitis, follow your doctor’s instructions.
প্রতিরোধ
To reduce your risk of getting osteomyelitis:
- Seek immediate medical care for infections or injuries.
- Keep diabetes under good control.
- Do not use illegal drugs.
- See your doctor for any sores that do not heal.
- আপনি যদি ধূমপান করেন তবে ছেড়ে দিন।