সংজ্ঞা

Mild cognitive impairment–amnestic type (MCI-AT) is mild, repeated memory loss. It lies between the normal memory loss of aging and the more serious conditions ofdementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). MCI-AT only involves problems with memory. Dementia and Alzheimer’s involve loss of other cognitive abilities, such as:

  • Learning
  • Reasoning
  • Making decisions
  • Problems with confusion, language, and attention

People with MCI-AT who are over age 65 have a higher chance of developing dementia and Alzheimer’s. However, many people with MCI-AT never develop these disorders. Some even return to normal.

হালকা জ্ঞানীয় প্রতিবন্ধকতা

কারণসমূহ

The causes are not clear. However, genetic factors may be a cause.

ঝুঁকির কারণ

These risk factors increase your chance of developing MCI-AT. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:

  • বয়স: 65 এবং তার বেশি
  • Family history of MCI-AT, dementia, or Alzheimer’s
  • Medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, head injury, depression, anxiety, infections
  • Being overmedicated
  • পদার্থ অপব্যবহার

Research also suggests that these may be risk factors for MCI-AT:

  • শারীরিক কার্যকলাপের অভাব
  • Lack of social contact
  • Low educational level
  • Excessive response to stress
  • Poor nutrition and lack of vitamins
  • বিষাক্ত পদার্থের এক্সপোজার

লক্ষণ

The main symptom is frequent, ongoing memory loss beyond what is normally expected for your age. That means having more than small lapses of memory. If you have MCI-AT, you may:

  • Remember much less of what you have just read or seen than people who have only the normal memory changes of aging
  • Take longer to recall information

রোগ নির্ণয়

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. The doctor may also talk with family members and caregivers. A physical exam will be done.

  • আপনার শারীরিক তরল পরীক্ষা করা যেতে পারে। এটি দিয়ে করা যেতে পারে:
    • রক্ত পরীক্ষা
    • Lumbar puncture —also called a spinal tap
  • You may need to have pictures taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with an MRI scan.
  • Tests of your cognitive skills may be done, including memory.

If you have this condition, you should have your cognitive abilities tested regularly.

চিকিৎসা

Treatment is focused on:

  • Preventing, or at least slowing down, further loss of memory and other cognitive abilities
  • Preventing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers are currently studying the effects that several medicines may have on slowing cognitive decline. Examples include donepezil , vitamin E, galantamine (Razadyne), among others. In some cases, low doses of lithium may be prescribed.

প্রতিরোধ

The following topics are being studied as ways to reduce the risk of cognitive decline:

  • Managing medical conditions that may lead to MCI-AT, especially high blood pressure
  • Getting treatment for depression and hypothyroidism
  • Staying mentally active by doing things like memory exercises, crossword puzzles, reading, and taking classes
  • Getting regular exercise
  • সামাজিক কর্মকান্ডে অংশগ্রহণ করা
  • Reducing stress
  • Getting help for emotional problems
  • Eating a healthy diet
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