হাইপোথাইরয়েডিজম

কারণসমূহ

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis occurs when the immune system produces antibodies that attack cells of the thyroid gland. This causes thyroid swelling and loss of function. Other causes include:

• Idiopathic thyroid atrophy—destruction of thyroid tissue for unknown reasons
• Iodine deficiency—when a thyroid gland needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone (rare in the United States)
• Subacute thyroiditis—following a viral upper respiratory tract infection
• Medical treatments— radiation to the head and neck or surgical removal of the thyroid gland (called subtotal thyroidectomy)
• Medicines (such as lithium , iodine, amiodarone , interleukins)
• Certain diseases (such as cancer or infection)
• Pituitary adenoma —benign tumor of the pituitary gland

ঝুঁকির কারণ

Risk factors that can increase your chance of developing hypothyroidism include:

• Age: over 65 years old
• Sex: more common in females
• Ethnicity: Caucasian, Hispanic
• History of family members with hypothyroidism
• History of other autoimmune diseases:
  • Pernicious anemia
  • টাইপ 1 ডায়াবেটিস
  • Sjogren's syndrome
  • রিউমাটয়েড আর্থ্রাইটিস
  • Lupus

লক্ষণ

Years may pass before you notice symptoms.

উপসর্গ অন্তর্ভুক্ত:

• ক্লান্তি
• দুর্বলতা
• Coarse, brittle hair; hair loss
• Facial puffiness
• শুষ্ক ত্বক
• Swollen hands or feet
• Cold intolerance
• ওজন বৃদ্ধি
• কোষ্ঠকাঠিন্য
• Achy feeling all over
• Depression and irritability
• স্মৃতিশক্তি হ্রাস
• Difficulty concentrating
• ঝাপসা দৃষ্টি
• Menstrual abnormalities or infertility

Symptoms of severe or long-term cases include:

• কোমা
• Slow heart rate
• Depressed breathing
• Hypothermia (low body temperature)

রোগ নির্ণয়

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical and family history. A physical exam will be done. To confirm the diagnosis, blood tests will be done, which include:

• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Free T4 and total T3
• Antibodies that attack the thyroid gland

চিকিৎসা

There is no specific treatment in the early stages of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. But, in most cases, you will end up developing hypothyroidism. Treatment involves taking medicine to replace the thyroid hormones (such as levothyroxine , triiodothyronine).

প্রতিরোধ

There are no known ways of preventing hypothyroidism.