সংজ্ঞা
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma occurs in people with diabetes. It is a life-threatening event. Seek medical attention immediately if you think you have any symptoms of an impending hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.
কারণসমূহ
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is a complication of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). HHNS happens when blood glucose levels rise, often with an illness or infection. Your body trys to get rid of excess blood glucose by passing it through your urine. It also washes out other substances that your body and brain need to function. When HHNS is severe, it can lead to seizures, coma, and eventually death.
ঝুঁকির কারণ
The following factors are thought to increase the risk of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma:
- বয়স্ক বয়স
- Diabetes and poorly monitored glucose levels
- সংক্রমণ
- Drugs (eg, diuretics, steroids, anticonvulsant, chemotherapy drugs)
- Disease states ( heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, overactive thyroid gland)
- পদার্থ অপব্যবহার
- Recent operation
লক্ষণ
Symptoms that may occur before the onset of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma may include:
- High blood glucose (over 600 milligrams per deciliter)
- শুষ্ক মুখ
- Thirst
- Warm, dry skin
- Absence of sweating
- জ্বর
- Leg cramps
- তন্দ্রা
- বিভ্রান্তি
- দৃষ্টিশক্তি হ্রাস
- Hallucinations
- Weakness or strange movements on one side of the body with or without seizures
- ঘন মূত্রত্যাগ
রোগ নির্ণয়
If you arrive at the hospital in a hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, your vital signs will be monitored and you may receive the following tests:
- Blood tests—to test blood sugar, electrolytes, kidney function
- বুকের এক্স - রে
- প্রস্রাব পরীক্ষা
- Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)—to check your heart’s activity
চিকিৎসা
You will likely need treatment in the emergency room and/or the intensive care unit at the hospital. Common treatments for hyperosmolar nonketotic coma include the following:
Fluid and Mineral Replacement
Fluids and minerals (potassium, sodium, chloride, phosphate, calcium, magnesium) will be given to you through an IV. It will replace substance you lost and improve your urine output.
Insulin
Insulin will be given through an IV. It will help control your blood glucose levels.
Treatment for Underlying Cause
Antibiotics may be given if an infection is suspected.
প্রতিরোধ
The best way to prevent hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is to monitor your blood glucose levels regularly. Your doctor can instruct you about how often to check your levels, and what the numbers mean. Also, talk with your doctor about how to manage your blood glucose when you are sick.