সংজ্ঞা

Constipation is infrequent and/or uncomfortable bowel movements. Stool is often hard and dry. This is a very common gastrointestinal complaint.

কারণসমূহ

Constipation has many causes, including:

  • Not enough fluid intake
  • Overuse of laxative medicines
  • Too little exercise
  • Bed rest
  • Certain medicines, including:
    • ব্যথা উপশমকারী
    • Narcotics
    • Aluminum-containing antacids
    • Antidepressant and antipsychotic medicines
    • Medicines for epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease
    • Antispasmodic medicines
    • ট্রানকুইলাইজার
    • Iron supplements
    • ক্যালসিয়াম চ্যানেল ব্লকার
  • Frequently delaying the need to have a bowel movement
  • গর্ভাবস্থা
  • ডায়াবেটিস
  • Spasm of the anal sphincter; due to painful anal fissures or hemorrhoids
  • নিষ্ক্রিয় থাইরয়েড
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (periods of constipation may alternate with episodes ofdiarrhea)
  • Neurological diseases such as:
    • পারকিনসন রোগ
    • মাল্টিপল স্ক্লেরোসিস
    • স্ট্রোক
    • Spinal cord injuries or tumors
  • স্ক্লেরোডার্মা
  • সিস্টেমিক লুপাস এরিথেমাটোসাস
  • Intestinal disorders, including:
    • দাগ
    • টিউমার
    • ক্যান্সার
    • Inflammation
  • Travel (due to schedule changes, stress, and poor diet)

ঝুঁকির কারণ

ঝুঁকির কারণগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে:

  • অগ্রসর বয়স
  • আসীন জীবনধারা
  • Prolonged bed rest due to surgery or an accident
  • Diet that is high in fat and sugar and low in fiber

লক্ষণ

উপসর্গ অন্তর্ভুক্ত:

  • পেটে ব্যথা
  • Sensation of abdominal fullness
  • Rectal pain and pressure
  • Difficulty passing stool, despite straining
  • Hard, dry, small stool
  • Black stool
  • “Rabbit pellet” appearance to stool
  • Sensation of retained stool after defecating

আমি কখন আমার ডাক্তারকে কল করব?

আপনার ডাক্তারকে কল করুন যদি আপনি:

  • Are constipated and never had this condition before
  • Have constipation that lasts longer than 2-3 weeks
  • Have a painful or swollen abdomen
  • Have nausea or vomiting
  • Have signs of an infection, such as fever or chills
  • Have pain or burning in anal area with or without bowel movement
  • Have blood in your stool or black stool
  • Think that your prescription medicine is causing constipation
  • Are losing weight

রোগ নির্ণয়

Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, may indicate a more serious condition. Your doctor may order tests to rule out other conditions. Tests may include:

  • শারীরিক পরীক্ষা
  • রক্ত পরীক্ষা
  • Digital rectal exam—examination of the rectum with the doctor’s gloved, lubricated finger inserted into your rectum
  • Abdominal x-ray—a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the abdomen
  • Barium enema—injection of fluid into the rectum that makes your colon light up on an x-ray
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy—a thin, lighted tube with a camera inserted into the rectum to examine the rectum and the lower colon

কোষ্ঠকাঠিন্য

চিকিৎসা

চিকিত্সা অন্তর্ভুক্ত হতে পারে:

Understanding Normal Bowel Movements

Talk to your doctor about what is a normal frequency of bowel movements for you. The range of normal is quite broad. Some people have several stools a day. Others have one stool every several days.

Making Lifestyle Changes

  • Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is high in fiber (such as unprocessed bran, whole-wheat grains, fresh fruit, and cereals). Eating prunes every day may also improve bowel movements.
  • Limit your intake of processed and fatty foods.
  • ব্যায়াম নিয়মিত.
  • Drink at least eight, 8-ounce glasses of water each day.

Taking Laxatives, Stool Softeners, or Glycerin Suppositories

Regularly using laxatives or enemas can be habit forming. Your bowels can become accustomed to these products and require them in order to produce a stool. Stool softeners, though, are not habit-forming. Ask your doctor about how often and for how long to use these products.

Examples of medicines include:

  • Polyethylene glycol 3350 (GlycoLax, MiraLax)—a type of laxative
  • Psyllium—a bulk laxative
  • Docusate—a stool softener
  • Lactulose—a type of laxative
  • Lubiprostone (Amitiza)—a medicine that increases fluid in stool
  • Botulism injections—may be used to treat certain types of constipation

Retraining Your Bowels

Set aside the same time each day to move your bowels. Typically, this works best after breakfast and coffee. Sit on the toilet for 15-20 minutes. Over time, your body will learn to have regular bowel movements at the same time each day.

Using Biofeedback

Biofeedback works by attaching sensors to the body. These sensors give you information about your muscles. By working with a therapist, you learn how to control certain muscles that can help you to move your bowels.

Treating Underlying Conditions

Work with your doctor to treat other conditions that may be causing your constipation.

Changing Medications

If you are taking medicine that causes constipation, talk to your doctor to find out if you can take another drug.

If you are taking opioids to relieve pain, you may have constipation. A medicine called methylnaltrexone (Relistor) may help to reduce this side effect.

Having Surgery

If you have severe, chronic constipation, your doctor may recommend surgery.

If you are diagnosed with constipation, follow your doctor’s instructions.

প্রতিরোধ

To reduce your chance of getting constipation:

  • Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is high in fiber.
  • ব্যায়াম নিয়মিত.
  • Drink at least eight, 8-ounce glasses of water a day.
  • In an effort to train your bowels, schedule a time daily to sit on the toilet just after a meal.
  • Do not rush yourself when using the bathroom.
  • If you feel the urge to move your bowels, do not ignore this feeling. Go to the bathroom right away.
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