সংজ্ঞা
Brucellosis is a rare bacterial disease that causes fevers to come and go. Brucellosis is mainly spread among animals. People can also get this disease from domesticated animals. It results in flu-like symptoms and may cause long-lasting symptoms.
কারণসমূহ
Brucellosis is caused by the bacterium Brucella. This bacterium infects domesticated animals. It can be spread to humans through:
- Drinking unpasteurized milk
- Eating dairy foods from infected cows, sheep, or goats
- Inhaling the bacteria
- Breastfeeding (passed from mother to infant)
- Sexual transmission
- Tissue transplantation
ঝুঁকির কারণ
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for brucellosis include:
- Working with domesticated animals and livestock, especially sheep, goats, cattle, deer, elk, and pigs, or their waste products, bodily fluids, or carcasses
- Sex: male (possibly due to occupational exposure among farmers, ranchers, veterinarians, people working in tanneries, and slaughterhouse workers)
লক্ষণ
Symptoms of brucellosis usually appear within two weeks of infection. Symptoms can appear from five days to several months after infection.
In the early stage, symptoms may include:
- অস্বস্তি
- অলসতা
- মাথাব্যথা
- পেশী ব্যথা
- জ্বর
- ঠাণ্ডা
- Severe headache and backache
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- ফুসকুড়ি
- Abdominal fullness or discomfort
- সংযোগে ব্যথা
As it progresses, brucellosis causes a severe fever (104° F to 105° F). This fever occurs in the evening along with severe sweating. It becomes normal or near normal in the morning, and usually begins again at night.
This on and off fever usually lasts 1 to 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, symptoms usually improve or disappear for two days to two weeks. Then the fever recurs. In some patients, this fever returns only once. In others, the disease becomes chronic, and the fever returns, lessens, and then recurs again over months or years.
In later stages, brucellosis can cause:
- ক্ষুধামান্দ্য
- ওজন কমানো
- পেটে ব্যথা
- মাথাব্যথা
- পিঠব্যথা
- সংযোগে ব্যথা
- দুর্বলতা
- বিরক্তি
- অনিদ্রা
Patients usually recover within 2 to 5 weeks. Rarely, complications can develop. These may include:
- Abscesses within the liver or spleen
- Enlargement of the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes
- Inflammation and infection of organs in the body, such as:
- Heart ( endocarditis)
- Brain and brain lining ( meningitis)
- Bones ( osteomyelitis), especially the spine
- Scrotal swelling
Brucellosis is also believed to cause a high rate of miscarriage during early pregnancy in infected women.
রোগ নির্ণয়
আপনার ডাক্তার আপনার লক্ষণ এবং চিকিৎসা ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে জিজ্ঞাসা করবে। একটি শারীরিক পরীক্ষা সম্পন্ন করা হবে।
আপনার ডাক্তারকে আপনার শারীরিক তরল পরীক্ষা করতে হতে পারে। এটি দিয়ে করা যেতে পারে:
- রক্ত পরীক্ষা
- প্রস্রাব পরীক্ষা
- অস্থি মজ্জা পরীক্ষা
- Tissue tests
Your doctor may need pictures of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
- এক্স-রে
- সিটি স্ক্যান
- এম.আর. আই স্ক্যান
চিকিৎসা
Many patients recover from brucellosis on their own. However, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of complications and infection. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক
Your doctor may prescribe one or more antibiotics (usually doxycycline and rifampin) to control and prevent brucellosis. Antibiotics are given for up to six weeks.
প্রতিরোধ
To help reduce your chances of getting brucellosis, take the following steps:
- Avoid eating or drinking unpasteurized milk and dairy foods. If you are unsure if a dairy product is pasteurized, don’t eat it.
- Wear rubber gloves and goggles, and securely cover open wounds when handling domesticated animals including their fluids, waste products, or carcasses.
- Wear a protective mask when dealing with brucellosis cultures in a laboratory.
- Have cattle and bison that live in areas heavily infected with brucellosis vaccinated by an accredited veterinarian or government health official. The vaccine contains a live virus and is dangerous to humans. For best results, calves should be vaccinated when they are 4-6 months old. There is no brucellosis vaccine for humans as of yet.