تعريف
Tympanoplasty is a surgery done to repair the eardrum and middle ear bones. The eardrum and bones are necessary to hear.
Types of tympanoplasty include:
- Myringoplasty—repair of a tear in the eardrum
- Tympanoplasty with ossiculoplasty—repair of a tear in the eardrum and correction of a defect in the bones of the middle ear
- Tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy—repair of a tear in the eardrum and eradication of bony infection in the area behind the ear
أسباب هذا الإجراء
The procedure can also help to:
- Restore hearing and treat certain types of deafness
- Prevent infection of the middle ear
المضاعفات المحتملة
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have a tympanoplasty, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- العدوى
- Failure to restore hearing
- Damage to structures in or near the middle ear:
- Nerves—resulting in loss or distortion of taste, paralysis of the face
- Middle ear bones—resulting in loss of hearing that may be permanent or require further surgery
- Inner ear structures—resulting in dizziness
ما يمكن توقعه
قبل الإجراء
Before surgery, your doctor will check to be sure that you do not have an ear infection.
You will have several tests, including an ear exam and a hearing test. In certain cases, a CT scan is also done.
التحدث مع طبيبك عن الأدوية الخاصة بك. قد يطلب منك التوقف عن تناول بعض الأدوية تصل إلى أسبوع واحد قبل العملية مثل:
- الأسبرين أو غيره من العقاقير المضادة للالتهابات
- سيولة الدم, مثل كلوبيدوجريل (بلافيكس) أو الوارفارين (الكومادين)
التخدير
The procedure often only requires local anesthesia. Your ear and the area around it will be numb.
وصف الإجراء
A small incision will be made behind the ear. Some tissue will be extracted from this area. This tissue will then be attached to the eardrum to cover the hole. Other materials may be added to hold the graft in place. If the bones of the middle ear need to be repaired, this is done as well.
A small pack may be left in position in the ear canal. The incision behind the ear will be closed with stitches.
كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟
1-2 ساعة
هل سيكون هناك ألم؟
Anesthesia prevents pain during the procedure.
رعاية ما بعد العملية
To insure proper healing, avoid the following:
- Blowing your nose hard
- العطس
- Exposing your ear to water—Ask your doctor how to wash your hair and shower for the first few weeks after surgery.
- الطيران
- Swimming or diving
- Heavy weight lifting and straining
It will take several weeks after surgery to determine if the tympanoplasty was a success. Complete recovery takes about four weeks. Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions .
استدعاء الطبيب
بعد وصوله الى المنزل ، اتصل بطبيبك إذا كان أي من الحالات التالية:
- علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
- Increasing fluid or foul-smelling fluid draining from the ear
- Redness, swelling, increased pain, bleeding, or discharge from the incision site
- الدوخة
- ألم لا يمكنك السيطرة عليه بالأدوية التي أعطيت لك
- السعال، ضيق التنفس، أو ألم في الصدر
- Any new symptoms
في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.