تعريف
Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is done to open a constricted heart valve with a balloon.
أسباب هذا الإجراء
Any of the heart’s four valves can become deformed. It may happen because of conditions at birth or scarring from disease. A damaged valve can decrease the amount of blood that flows through it. This condition is called stenosis. Low blood flow can lead to heart failure and death. The valve will need to be opened to restore full blood flow.
Rheumatic fever and congenital birth defects are two main causes of stenosis. It can also happen due to aging and calcium deposits.
Depending on the overall condition of the valve, relief of symptoms can be expected to last at least two years. Some people have relief of symptoms much longer.
المضاعفات المحتملة
If you are planning to have a valvuloplasty, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- نزيف
- العدوى
- Leaking valve
- Damage to the heart or other organs
- Blood clot formation
- سكتة دماغية
بعض العوامل التي قد تزيد من خطر المضاعفات تشمل:
- التدخين
- Blood clots in the heart
- The anatomy of the valve
- Overall health status
ما يمكن توقعه
قبل الإجراء
You will have a thorough evaluation to determine your overall condition, the health of your heart, and the exact nature of your valve defect. The success of the procedure depends a great deal on the condition of the valve. This includes whether the valve is calcified, how thick it is, and how narrow the opening is. Many valves cannot be fixed with this technique. They will require open heart surgery instead.
التحدث مع طبيبك عن الأدوية الخاصة بك. قد يطلب منك التوقف عن تناول بعض الأدوية تصل إلى أسبوع واحد قبل العملية مثل:
- الأسبرين أو غيره من العقاقير المضادة للالتهابات
- مميعات الدم
التخدير
Only local anesthesia and, sometimes, mild sedation are used. Local anesthesia will numb the area. Sedation will help you relax.
وصف الإجراء
You will be lying down in a special procedure room. There will be x-ray machines and surgical equipment. Depending on the valve that needs work, a blood vessel in your groin or arm will be prepared. A wire will be placed through your skin to the blood vessel. It will be passed through the blood vessel until it reaches the valve. Progress will be monitored by x-rays. A tube with a balloon tip will be threaded over the wire. A contrast material may be injected through the device. This will help to visualize the area and make sure the device is in the right place. When the balloon is in the valve, it will be inflated and deflated. The inflation may need to be repeated. The device will then be removed from the blood vessel.
مباشرة بعد الإجراء
You will likely need to lie still and flat on your back for a period of time. A pressure dressing may be placed over the puncture area. It is important to follow the nurses’ directions.
كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟
بين 30 دقيقة وساعتين
كم هو مؤلم ؟
You may feel some minor discomfort when the balloon is inflated. Some people report a flushing sensation if contrast is injected.
متوسط الإقامة في المستشفى
Most people are kept overnight for observation. Your doctor may choose to keep you longer if complications arise.
الرعاية ما بعد الجراحة
Recovery time is minimal. There will be a bandage over the puncture site. You may be prescribed a blood thinner, like aspirin. Certain strenuous activities will be limited. Other activities, like exercises and fluid intake, may be encouraged. Your doctor will want to see you several days to weeks later.
تأكد من اتباع تعليمات طبيبك .
استدعاء الطبيب
بعد مغادرة المستشفى، اتصل بطبيبك في حالة حدوث أي مما يلي:
- علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the puncture site
- ألم لا يمكنك السيطرة عليه بالأدوية التي أعطيت لك
- Lightheadedness, fainting, or inability to talk
- السعال، ضيق التنفس، أو ألم في الصدر
- An arm or a leg that turns blue or feels cold
- Any other new symptoms
في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.