تعريف

Oophorectomy is the removal of one or both ovaries. This may be combined with removing the fallopian tubes (salpingo-oophorectomy). Removal of the ovaries and/or fallopian tubes is often done as part of a complete or total hysterectomy.

Oophorectomy 1

أسباب هذا الإجراء

An oophorectomy may be done to:

  • Treat cancer
  • Remove a large ovarian cyst
  • Treat chronic pelvic pain
  • Treat pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

المضاعفات المحتملة

Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have an oophorectomy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications. These include:

  • Changes in sex drive
  • Hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause (if both ovaries are removed)
  • Depression and other forms of psychological distress
  • رد فعل للتخدير
  • نزيف
  • Blood clots, particularly in the veins of the legs
  • الأضرار التي لحقت الأجهزة الأخرى
  • العدوى

تشمل العوامل التي قد تزيد من خطر حدوث مضاعفات ما يلي:

  • Previous pelvic surgery or serious infection
  • السمنة
  • التدخين
  • مرض السكري

Be sure to discuss the risks with your doctor before the surgery.

ما يمكن توقعه

قبل الإجراء

قد يقوم طبيبك بما يلي:

  • اختبار بدني
  • اختبارات الدم والبول
  • Ultrasound—a test that uses sound waves to examine the inside of the body
  • CT scan—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the body

المؤدية إلى الإجراء الخاص بك:

  • التحدث مع طبيبك عن الأدوية الخاصة بك. قد يطلب منك التوقف عن تناول بعض الأدوية تصل إلى أسبوع واحد قبل العملية مثل:
    • الأسبرين أو غيره من العقاقير المضادة للالتهابات
    • سيولة الدم, مثل كلوبيدوجريل (بلافيكس) أو الوارفارين (الكومادين)
  • Eat a light dinner the night before. After midnight, do not eat or drink anything, including water.
  • Arrange for a ride home and for help at home.

التخدير

  • General anesthesia may be used for open or laparoscopic surgery—You will be asleep.
  • Local anesthesia may be used for a laparoscopic procedure—The area will be numbed.

الوصف الداخلي

There are two different methods:

Abdominal Incision

A cut will be made. It will either be horizontal (side to side) across the pubic hair line, or vertical (up and down) from navel to pubic bone. Horizontal (bikini) incisions leave less of a scar. Vertical incisions give the surgeon a better view inside the abdomen. The abdominal muscles will be pulled apart. The surgeon will be able to see the ovaries. The blood vessels will be tied off. This will help to prevent bleeding. The ovaries, and often the fallopian tubes, will be removed. The cut will be closed with staples or stitches.

Laparoscopic Procedure

The laparoscope is a thin tool with a tiny camera on the end. It will be inserted through a small cut near the navel. This will let the surgeon see the pelvic organs on a video monitor. Other small cuts will be made. Special tools will be inserted through these cuts. The tools will be used to cut and tie off the blood vessels and fallopian tubes. The ovaries will be detached. They will then be removed through a small incision at the top of the vagina. The ovaries may also be cut into smaller sections and removed through the tiny cuts in the abdominal wall. The cuts will be closed with stitches. This will leave small scars.

مباشرة بعد الإجراء

You will be moved to a recovery area. The removed organs will be sent to a lab for examination.

كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟

1-4 hours

هل سيكون هناك ألم؟

Anesthesia will block pain during the surgery. You will feel discomfort after your oophorectomy. Women report less pain after a laparoscopic procedure than an abdominal incision procedure. Talk to your doctor about medicine to help manage any pain.

متوسط ​​الإقامة في المستشفى

  • Abdominal incision—2-5 days
  • Laparoscopic procedure—1 day

Your doctor may choose to keep you longer if complications arise.

رعاية ما بعد العملية

في المستشفى

أثناء تعافيك في المستشفى ، قد تتلقى الرعاية التالية:

  • On the first night, you may be instructed to sit up in bed, or walk a short distance.
  • The next morning, an IV will probably be removed if you are eating and drinking well.
  • You may need to wear special socks or boots to help prevent blood clots.
  • You may have a Foley catheter for a short time to help you urinate.

في البيت

عند عودتك إلى المنزل، قم بما يلي للمساعدة في ضمان التعافي بسلاسة:

  • Follow your doctor’s instructions.
  • Take proper care of the incision site. This will help prevent an infection.
  • اسأل طبيبك حول, عندما هي آمنة للاستحمام, السباحة, أو نقع في الماء.
  • Slowly increase your activities. Begin with light chores, short walks, and some driving. Depending on your job, you may be able to return to work. Returning to normal activities takes 2-6 weeks, depending on the type of surgery.
  • To promote healing, eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
  • Try to avoid constipation by:
    • Eating high-fiber foods
    • Drinking plenty of water
    • Using stool softeners if needed
  • Ask your doctor when you can resume sexual activity.
  • Some women may have emotional distress after their ovaries are removed. Counseling and/or a support group may help.

You will stop menstruating if both of your ovaries are removed. You will also not be able to get pregnant. You will still menstruate if one ovary or even just a portion of one ovary remains. You also may be able to get pregnant.

استدعاء الطبيب

بعد مغادرة المستشفى، اتصل بطبيبك في حالة حدوث أي مما يلي:

  • علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
  • Persistent or increased vaginal bleeding or discharge
  • ألم لا يمكنك السيطرة عليه بالأدوية التي أعطيت لك
  • الغثيان و / أو القيء الذي لا يمكنك السيطرة عليه بالأدوية التي أعطيت لك بعد الجراحة ، أو التي تستمر لأكثر من يومين بعد الخروج من المستشفى
  • Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge from the incision sites
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Swelling, redness, or pain in your leg
  • السعال، ضيق التنفس، أو ألم في الصدر
  • Feeling depressed

في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.

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