تعريف
A colon polypectomy is the removal of polyps from the inside lining of the colon, also called the large intestine. A polyp is a mass of tissue. Some types of polyps can develop into cancer. Most polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy orsigmoidoscopy.
أسباب هذا الإجراء
The purpose of the الجراحة هي إزالة a polyp. It is done to prevent cancer.
In rare cases, larger polyps can cause troublesome symptoms, such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and bowel irregularities. A polyp removal will relieve these symptoms.
المضاعفات المحتملة
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have a polypectomy, your سيقوم الطبيب بمراجعة القائمة من المضاعفات المحتملة، والتي قد تشمل:
- Damage to the colon wall
- نزيف
- العدوى
- Adverse reaction to the sedative
تشمل العوامل التي قد تزيد من خطر حدوث مضاعفات ما يلي:
- التدخين
- Type, size, and location of the polyp
- Patient factors, such as blood-clotting disorders, substance abuse, or other diseases like obesity and diabetes
ما يمكن توقعه
قبل الإجراء
طبيبك سوف المرجح أن تفعل ما يلي:
- Physical exam and health history
- استعراض الأدوية
- Your bodily fluids may need to be tested. This can be done with blood tests.
- Pictures of your colon may need to be taken. This can be done with X-raysor a Barium enema.
- An examination of your intestine may need to be done. This can be done with a diagnostic colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.
Your colon must be completely cleaned before the procedure. Any stool left in the intestine will block the view. This preparation may start several days before the procedure. Follow your doctor’s instructions, which may include any of the following cleansing methods:
- Enemas —fluid introduced into the rectum to stimulate a bowel movement
- Laxatives—medicines that cause you to have soft bowel movements
- A clear-liquid diet
- Oral cathartic medicines—a large container of fluid to drink, which stimulates a bowel movement
المؤدية إلى الإجراء الخاص بك:
- التحدث مع طبيبك عن الأدوية الخاصة بك. قد يطلب منك التوقف عن تناول بعض الأدوية تصل إلى أسبوع واحد قبل العملية مثل:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin
- Blood thinners, like clopidogrel (Plavix) or warfarin (Coumadin)
- Iron supplements or vitamins containing iron
- في الليلة السابقة، تناول وجبة خفيفة. لا تأكل أو تشرب أي شيء بعد منتصف الليل.
- Wear comfortable clothing.
- If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if you need to adjust your insulin dose.
- Arrange for a ride home after the procedure.
التخدير
You will receive a sedative. This will help you relax. You will be drowsy but awake.
وصف الإجراء
You will be asked to lie on your side or on your back. A scope, a long flexible tube with a camera on the end, will be inserted through the anus. It will be slowly pushed through the rectum to the colon. The scope will also add air to open the colon.
Using the scope, the doctor will locate the polyp. The polyp will be snipped off with a wire snare from the scope. In some cases, the polyp may be destroyed with an electric current. The electric current is also used to close the wound and stop bleeding. The polyps will then be removed for lab testing. When the doctor is finished, the scope will be slowly removed.
For larger polyps, a laparoscopic surgical procedure may be needed. Special surgical tools will be inserted through small incisions in the abdomen. The tools will be used to locate and remove the polyp.
كم من الوقت سيستغرق ؟
30-60 minutes
هل سيكون هناك ألم؟
The special cleaning solution, laxatives, and/or enemas often cause discomfort. During and following the procedure, there is little or no pain. You may feel pressure, bloating, and/or cramping because of the air passed into the colon. This discomfort will go away with the passing of gas. Your doctor may prescribe pain medicine. If not, you can take non-prescription pain relievers for discomfort.
رعاية ما بعد العملية
في مركز الرعاية
The polyps will be sent to a lab for testing.
في البيت
Expect a complete recovery within two weeks. Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions , which may include:
- The sedative will make you drowsy. Do not drive, operate machinery, or make important decisions the day of the procedure.
- Return to your normal diet the same or next day. Avoid tea, coffee, cola drinks, alcohol, and spicy foods for at least 2-3 days following surgery. These can irritate the digestive system.
- Resume normal activities as soon as you feel able. Most people feel well enough by the next day.
- Ask your doctor when you can exercise.
- اسأل طبيبك حول, عندما هي آمنة للاستحمام, السباحة, أو نقع في الماء.
- You will be scheduled for a follow-up colonoscopy in the future. It will be important to check for polyps.
Your doctor will discuss the results with you either the day of surgery or the following day.
استدعاء الطبيب
بعد وصوله الى المنزل ، اتصل بطبيبك إذا كان أي من الحالات التالية:
- علامات الإصابة, بما في ذلك حمى وقشعريرة
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge from the rectum—up to ½ cup per day of blood can be expected for up to 3-4 days following polypectomy
- Black, tarry stools
- ألم شديد في البطن
- Hard, swollen abdomen
- Inability to pass gas or stool
- سعال ، ضيق تنفس ، ألم في الصدر ، غثيان أو قيء شديد
- أعراض جديدة غير مبررة
في حالة الطوارئ ، اتصل على المساعدة الطبية على الفور.