تعريف

The bones of the back are called the vertebrae. A vertebral fracture is a break in one of these bones. A vertebral compression fracture occurs when the front part of the bone is squeezed or compressed.

তাই, যদি মানুষের ক্রমাগত লক্ষণ এবং মাথাব্যথার মতো উদ্বেগের লক্ষণ থাকে যা সময়ের সাথে সাথে আরও খারাপ হতে দেখা যায় তবে ডাক্তারের সাথে অ্যাপয়েন্টমেন্ট করা বুদ্ধিমানের কাজ হবে।

أسباب

A vertebral compression fracture can be caused by:

  • Osteoporosis—a condition of weakened bones
  • A blow to the back
  • Falling down
  • Landing on your heels when jumping from a height
  • Having major trauma (for example, from a motor vehicle accident)

عوامل الخطر

Other than trauma, osteoporosis is the main cause of most vertebral compression fractures.

Factors that increase the risk of osteoporosis include:

  • Race: Caucasian or Asian
  • الجنس: أنثى
  • Advancing age:
    • Females: 60 and older
    • Males: 70 and older
  • Postmenopausal
  • سكتة دماغية
  • فرط نشاط الغدة الدرقية
  • Use of certain medicines:
    • Long-acting benzodiazepines
    • مضادات الاكتئاب ثلاثية الحلقات
    • Anticonvulsants
    • Long-term steroid use
  • Limited physical activity
  • Housebound
  • سوء التغذية
  • التدخين
  • Mother or maternal grandmother with hip fracture (a genetic disposition)
  • Other factors that may increase the risk of vertebral fractures include the following:
    • Use of antipsychotic medicines
    • Poor mental functioning
    • Poor mobility
    • Poor strength
    • Previous vertebral fracture within the last year

الأعراض

Symptoms may include mild-to-severe pain in the middle or lower back.

التشخيص

الطبيب سوف يسأل عن الأعراض والتاريخ الطبي. الفحص السريري سيتم القيام به.

قد يشمل الاختبار ما يلي:

  • X-rays of the spine—to look for a fracture
  • MRI scan—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body
  • CT scan—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the body
  • Bone scan—a test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone activity
  • Bone mineral density test—to help determine if you have osteoporosis, and if so, how severe it is

العلاج

يشمل العلاج:

جراحة

Vertebroplasty involves liquid cement being injected into the vertebra. It can help relieve the pain associated with vertebral fractures. It is not suitable for everyone. The procedure may be best for recent fractures. Talk with your doctor to see if this option may be right for you. For example, it may not be as helpful in people whose fractures are due to osteoporosis.

In kyphoplasty, a balloon is used to create a cavity. The cement is injected into the cavity. This procedure is designed to relieve pain. It can also improve spinal deformities from the fractures.

Nonsurgical Treatments

قد يصف لك طبيبك:

  • Brief period of bed rest and a decrease in activity
  • Medicine to control the pain
  • Strengthening exercises for your back muscles
  • Back brace

Treatment for Osteoporosis

الأدوية

To prevent further bone loss, medicines may include:

  • Estrogen/progesterin hormone replacement therapy
  • Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate)
  • Estrogen agonist/antagonist (raloxifene)
  • Calcitonin (Miacalcin, Fortical)
  • Parathyroid hormone

Your doctor may also recommend the following to maintain your bones:

  • Vitamin and mineral supplements, especially calcium and vitamin D—Studies indicate that the combination of calcium and vitamin D appears to help bone loss.
  • Lifestyle changes—These may include weight-bearing and resistance exercises for both the upper and lower extremities.

الوقاية

Building strong bones will help prevent fractures. However, most bone strength is attained by women before they are 25 years old. That makes maintaining bone density and strength at older ages even more important.

  • Get plenty of weight-bearing exercise. This includes walking, jogging, or sports such as tennis.
  • Do resistance exercises for arms and legs. This will help to improve your strength and balance.
  • Get plenty of calcium, فيتامين د, and protein in your diet. Talk to your doctor if you think you need supplements.
  • If you have osteoporosis, you should talk to your doctor about treatment options. If you had an early menopause, talk to your doctor about this.
  • Stop smoking. Drink alcohol only in moderation. Moderate alcohol intake is two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.
  • Eliminate any obstacles in your home that could cause you to fall. These may include throw rugs or furniture.
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