تعريف

Tendons connect muscle to bone and help move joints. Tendinopathy is an injury to the tendon. These injuries tend to occur in tendons near joints such as knee, shoulder, and ankle. The injuries can include:

  • Tendinitis—an inflammation of the tendon. Although this term is used often, most cases of tendinopathy are not associated with significant inflammation.
  • Tendinosis—microtears (tiny breaks) in the tendon tissue with no significant inflammation.

The following tendons are often involved:

  • Achilles —back of heel
  • Rotator cuff in the shoulder
  • Biceps in the shoulder
  • Wrist extensors near the elbow, on the outside
  • Wrist flexors near the elbow, on the inside
  • Patellar tendon, which is attached to the kneecap

Tendinopathy and the associated pain may take months to resolve. You may need medication for pain relief.

اعتلال الأوتار

أسباب

اعتلال الأوتار is caused by overuse of a muscle-tendon unit. The strain on the tendon causes very tiny tears that accumulate over time. These tears cause pain and can eventually change the structure of the tendon.

Overuse can be the result of doing any activity too much, such as:

  • Sport activities
  • Physical labor, especially those with repetitive motions
  • Housework

عوامل الخطر

Tendinopathy is more common in women than in men. Factors that may increase your chance of getting tendinopathy include:

  • Muscle imbalance
  • Decreased flexibility
  • زيادة الوزن
  • التقدم في السن
  • Alignment abnormalities of the leg

الأعراض

قد تشمل الأعراض ما يلي:

  • Pain, particularly with activity
  • Decreased motion of related joints
  • Local swelling

التشخيص

سوف يسألك الطبيب عن الأعراض والتاريخ الطبي. اختبار فيزياء سوف يتم.

If your symptoms are severe your doctor may need some images of the tendon and bone. Imaging tests may include:

  • الأشعة السينية
  • تصوير الرنين المغناطيسي

العلاج

Treatment depends on:

  • شدة الأعراض
  • The tendon involved
  • Length of time symptoms have lasted

تحدث مع طبيبك حول أفضل خطة علاجية لك. قد تشمل الخيارات ما يلي:

  • Avoiding the activity that is responsible
  • Reduce shock vibration on the joint
  • Rest for the affected tendon
  • Ice after activity
  • Cast or splint for immobilization of the affected area
  • Counterforce brace over the painful tendon
  • Shoe orthotics for foot alignment problems

Your doctor or physical therapist may recommend exercises or a rehabilitation program.

الدواء

To manage pain or swelling, your doctor may recommend:

  • مسكنات الألم المتاحة دون وصفة طبية، مثل الأسيتامينوفين أو الأدوية المضادة للالتهابات غير الستيرويدية (NSAIDs)
  • مسكنات الألم الموصوفة طبيًا
  • Topical pain relievers, such as creams or patches that are applied directly to the skin

A medication call cortisone may be used. It can be injected into the sheath around the tendon.

الوقاية

To prevent tendinopathy:

  • Gradually work yourself into shape for a new activity.
  • Gradually increase the length of time and intensity of activities.
  • If you have a tendon that has been a problem, gradually stretch out that muscle/tendon unit.
  • Strengthen the muscle to which the tendon is attached.
  • If you have pain, do not ignore it. Early treatment can prevent the problem from becoming serious.
  • Learn to back off from activities if you are tired or not used to the activity.
  • Warm-up the affected area before activity.
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