تعريف
Rhabdomyolysis occurs when skeletal muscles are damaged and release myoglobin into the bloodstream. Myoglobin is an iron-containing pigment that can cause severe damage to the kidneys.
أسباب
Rhabdomyolysis results from any condition that causes significant muscle damage. These include:
- Certain muscle diseases
- Severe muscle injuries (such as a crush injury)
- Overuse of alcohol or illicit drugs
- Use of some prescription drugs
- Severe seizures or convulsions
- Extensive surgical procedures using large, muscle-dividing incisions (rare)
عوامل الخطر
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Factors that may increase the risk of muscle damage include:
- Extreme exertion (such as running a marathon)
- Heat stroke
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Uncontrolled seizure disorder
الأعراض
تشمل الأعراض الأكثر شيوعًا ما يلي:
- Dark urine (brown or red in color)
- ألم عضلي
- ضعف العضلات
وتشمل الأعراض الأخرى ما يلي:
- Muscle swelling
- ألم في الظهر
- الغثيان
- القيء
In severe cases, rhabdomyolysis may result in:
- Kidney damage or failure due to blocked arterial blood flow
- Multi-organ failure
- Abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia)
التشخيص
سوف يسألك الطبيب عن الأعراض والتاريخ الطبي. اختبار فيزياء سوف يتم. قد تشمل الاختبارات ما يلي:
- اختبارات البول
- تحاليل الدم
- Muscle testing (electromyography)
العلاج
قد يشمل العلاج ما يلي:
الترطيب
Giving large amounts of fluid is the main treatment. Fluids are usually given by IV. Hydration helps to quickly flush myoglobin out of the الكلى to restore their function.
الدواء
Medication may include:
- Diuretics—to help flush out the kidneys
- Bicarbonate—to minimize myoglobin’s toxic effects
غسيل الكلى
Dialysis is a procedure that uses an artificial kidney machine to filter blood. The clean blood is then returned to your body.
الوقاية
Steps for prevention include:
- Drink plenty of fluids when:
- Exercising
- Sitting or working in hot, humid weather
- Avoid overuse of alcohol
- Avoid illicit drugs