تعريف

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. The infection may be:

  • Acute (for a short time)
  • Chronic (lasting for a long time)

In adults, the pelvis and vertebrae (bones of the back) are the most common sites. In children, the long bones are most likely to be affected. These are found in arms and legs.

أسباب

This infection can occur as a result of an injury to the bone. It can also be caused by an infection in the body carried by the blood.

عوامل الخطر

Factors that increase your chance of osteomyelitis include:

  • Age: young children and older adults
  • الجنس : ذكر
  • Trauma or injury to the bone and skin
  • Broken bones, especially if open to or sticking through the skin
  • السكرى
  • Kidney dialysis
  • Intravenous drug abuse
  • Weakened immune system
  • ضعف الدورة الدموية
  • فقر الدم المنجلي
  • Any operation on a joint or bone, such as a hip replacement or internal fixation of a fracture

الأعراض

تشمل الأعراض ما يلي:

  • آلام العظام
  • حمى أو قشعريرة
  • Tenderness, warmth, swelling, or redness of the skin or joint
  • Drainage of pus
  • الغثيان
  • Fatigue or irritability
  • Restricted movement of the area
  • A sore over bone that does not heal

التهاب العظم والنقي

التشخيص

سوف يسألك طبيبك عن أعراضك وتاريخك الطبي. اختبار فيزياء سوف يتم. قد تشمل الاختبارات ما يلي:

  • Blood tests—to check for signs of infection
  • Needle aspiration of a joint—use of a needle to remove a sample for testing and culture
  • Bone biopsy—removal of a sample of bone to test for abnormal cells
  • X-rays—bone and tissue changes on x-ray may indicate osteomyelitis
  • Bone scan—a series of pictures of bones taken after injection of a small amount of radioactive material that highlights the bones
  • CT or MRI—radiographic tests to evaluate any bone changes that may indicate osteomyelitis

العلاج

Your doctor may immobilize the affected area with a splint. He or she may also recommend avoiding any weight bearing on the area.

مضادات حيوية

This infection is treated with antibiotics. They are given by IV and sometimes by mouth.

  • Acute osteomyelitis is treated for at least 4-6 weeks
  • Chronic osteomyelitis may require antibiotics for a longer period of time

جراحة

For chronic infection, surgery may be required to:

  • Clean infected bone via scraping and irrigating the area
  • Remove any fragments of dead bone or tissue that may prolong the infection

In severe cases, amputation may be necessary.

الكسب غير المشروع الجلد

In some situations, your doctor may recommend a skin graft. The skin in the affected area is replaced with healthy skin taken from another part of your body.

If you are diagnosed with osteomyelitis, follow your doctor’s instructions.

الوقاية

To reduce your risk of getting osteomyelitis:

  • Seek immediate medical care for infections or injuries.
  • Keep diabetes under good control.
  • Do not use illegal drugs.
  • See your doctor for any sores that do not heal.
  • إذا كنت تدخن، الإقلاع عن التدخين.
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