تعريف
Nocturnal leg cramps are sudden contractions of the lower leg and foot muscles. They often awaken you from sleep. The calf muscles are most often involved. The cramps are harmless. They do not mean that you have a serious disease.
أسباب
The specific cause of nocturnal leg cramps is unknown. These cramps may be related to imbalances in local muscle chemistry. Many activities and diseases are associated with nocturnal leg cramps:
- Overexertion of the muscles
- Standing on hard surfaces
- Prolonged sitting
- Certain leg positions while inactive
- تجفيف
- Diseases:
- مرض السكري
- مرض الشلل الرعاش
- نقص سكر الدم
- Hormone disorders (such as thyroid imbalance)
- Chemical imbalances (for example, calcium, potassium, magnesium)
- Certain medications:
- Blood pressure medicines
- Statins (that lower cholesterol)
- Morphine
- Lithium
عوامل الخطر
The following factors increase your chance of developing nocturnal leg cramps:
- Age over 50
- إرهاق
- حمل
- Staying in certain positions for a long time
- Flat feet or other foot or ankle deformities
- إدمان الكحول
- Neurologic diseases
- أدوية معينة
- مرض السكري
- مرض الشلل الرعاش
- نقص سكر الدم
- Hormone disorders (such as thyroid imbalance)
- Chemical imbalances (for example, calcium, potassium, magnesium)
الأعراض
- Sudden nighttime calf (or foot) cramps
التشخيص
الطبيب سوف يسأل عن الأعراض والتاريخ الطبي. الفحص السريري سيتم القيام به.
وقد تشمل الاختبارات التالية:
- تحاليل الدم
- Checking your foot pulses for good circulation
العلاج
Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. If no specific cause can be found, treatment options include the following:
- When cramps occur, pull against them with your leg muscles. Also, grab your foot (feet) and pull up.
- Standing on the affected leg often stops the cramping.
- Massage and hot or cold treatments help the muscles relax.
الأدوية
None of these medicines has earned full approval for either safety or efficacy. Quinine, while often effective for reducing the frequency and intensity of cramps, has a significant risk of major allergic reactions. The other prescription medications carry risks as well. So, they are not generally recommended. They are most often used in only severe cases.
Over-the-Counter
- Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)
- الكالسيوم
Prescription
- Quinine sulfate
- Simple muscle relaxants (for example, meprobamate, Equanil, Robaxin)
- Verapamil hydrochloride (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan)
- Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen)
- Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil)
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- Phenytoin (Dilantin)
الوقاية
To reduce your chance of getting nocturnal leg cramps, take the following steps:
- Stretch three times a day and just before going to bed.
- Face a wall, put your hands on the wall, and keep them there. Step backward. Keep your knees locked. Keep your heels on the floor until you feel a strong pull in your calves. Hold that position for 10 seconds. Repeat two or three times.
- Exercise feet and legs regularly.
- شرب الكثير من السوائل.
- Eat plenty of potassium-rich foods. These include bananas, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe, oranges, and grapefruit.
- Wear comfortable, supportive shoes.
- Sleep with toes up, not pointed downward.