تعريف

Labyrinthitis is swelling and irritation in the inner ear. It occurs in the labyrinth of the ear. This is a system of cavities and canals. They affects hearing, balance, and eye movement.

التهاب تيه الأذن

أسباب

Labyrinthitis may be caused by:

  • Viral or bacterial infection
  • إصابة بالرأس
  • Disease of blood vessels
  • سكتة دماغية
  • Nerve problems
  • مرض يصيب جهاز المناعه
  • Side effects of drugs, including:
    • مضادات حيوية معينة
    • أسبرين
    • Quinine—may be used for malaria treatment

عوامل الخطر

Factors that increase your risk for labyrinthitis include:

  • Current or recent viral infection (especially a respiratory infection)
  • الحساسية
  • التدخين
  • Drinking too much alcohol
  • ضغط

الأعراض

The symptoms can range from mild to severe and last for days or many weeks. Symptoms are usually temporary, but rarely, can become permanent.

The most common symptoms are:

  • Vertigo (spinning sensation)
  • الدوخة

قد تشمل الأعراض الأخرى ما يلي:

  • تعب
  • استفراغ و غثيان
  • فقدان السمع
  • Involuntary eye movement
  • Ringing in the ear (tinnitus)

التشخيص

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Initial diagnosis is based on the symptoms and the results of your exam.

قد تشمل الاختبارات ما يلي:

  • Examination of the middle ear for signs of a viral or bacterial infection
  • Neurologic examination
  • Maneuvers for evaluating for other causes of dizziness (Dix-Hallpike maneuver)
  • Hearing tests
  • Electronystagmogram—a test of eye movement
  • CT scan or MRI scan —to look at structures in the head

العلاج

قد يشمل العلاج ما يلي:

الأدوية

Medication to control the symptoms, including:

  • Antiemetics—to control nausea and vomiting
  • Vestibular suppressants—to limit loss of balance and dizziness
  • Steroids—in limited situations, to help control inflammation

Anti-viral medication may be given if a virus is involved. Antibiotics may be given if a bacterial infection in involved.

ملحوظة: Without antibiotic treatment, labyrinthitis caused by a bacterial infection can lead to permanent hearing loss or balance problems.

Self-care Measures

Some steps to help you manage your symptoms include:

  • Rest, lie still with your eyes closed in a darkened room during acute attacks.
  • Avoid movement, especially sudden movement, as much as possible.
  • Avoid reading.
  • Resume normal activities gradually after the symptoms have cleared.

Vestibular Exercises (Vestibular Rehabilitation)

قد يقترح طبيبك تمارين دهليزية محددة. تستخدم هذه التمارين سلسلة من حركات العين والرأس والجسم لتعويد الجسم على الحركة دون دوخة. يمكنك العمل مع معالج فيزيائي لتعلم هذه الأمور.

Emergency Treatment

In some cases, nausea and vomiting cannot be controlled. This can result in severedehydration. You may need hospitalization to receive fluids and nutrients through an IV.

جراحة

Rarely, labyrinthitis may be due to a break in the membranes between the middle and inner ear. Surgery to repair the break may be required. If a tumor is causing the condition, surgery may also be needed.

الوقاية

To reduce your risk of getting labyrinthitis:

  • Seek prompt treatment for any ear problems or infection.
  • Get medical advice on treating respiratory infections.
  • Avoid head injury by wearing seat belts and safety helmets.
  • Ask your doctor about side effects of any medication you are taking.
  • تجنب الكحول.
  • Take steps to prevent blood vessel disease or stroke. These include:
    • Eat a low fat, low cholesterol diet.
    • لا تدخن.
    • If you have high blood pressure, get it treated.
    • If you have diabetes, work closely with your doctor to keep it under good control.
    • With your doctor’s approval, exercise regularly.
انتقل إلى أعلى