قصور الغدة الدرقية

أسباب

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis occurs when the immune system produces antibodies that attack cells of the thyroid gland. This causes thyroid swelling and loss of function. Other causes include:

• Idiopathic thyroid atrophy—destruction of thyroid tissue for unknown reasons
• Iodine deficiency—when a thyroid gland needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone (rare in the United States)
• Subacute thyroiditis—following a viral upper respiratory tract infection
• Medical treatments— radiation to the head and neck or surgical removal of the thyroid gland (called subtotal thyroidectomy)
• Medicines (such as lithium , iodine, amiodarone , interleukins)
• Certain diseases (such as cancer or infection)
• Pituitary adenoma —benign tumor of the pituitary gland

عوامل الخطر

Risk factors that can increase your chance of developing hypothyroidism include:

• Age: over 65 years old
• Sex: more common in females
• Ethnicity: Caucasian, Hispanic
• History of family members with hypothyroidism
• History of other autoimmune diseases:
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Type 1 diabetes
  • متلازمة سجوجرن
  • التهاب المفصل الروماتويدي
  • Lupus

الأعراض

Years may pass before you notice symptoms.

تشمل الأعراض ما يلي:

• تعب
• ضعف
• Coarse, brittle hair; hair loss
• Facial puffiness
• جلد جاف
• Swollen hands or feet
• Cold intolerance
• زيادة الوزن
• إمساك
• Achy feeling all over
• Depression and irritability
• فقدان الذاكرة
• Difficulty concentrating
• عدم وضوح الرؤية
• Menstrual abnormalities or infertility

Symptoms of severe or long-term cases include:

• غيبوبة
• Slow heart rate
• Depressed breathing
• Hypothermia (low body temperature)

التشخيص

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical and family history. A physical exam will be done. To confirm the diagnosis, blood tests will be done, which include:

• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Free T4 and total T3
• Antibodies that attack the thyroid gland

العلاج

There is no specific treatment in the early stages of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. But, in most cases, you will end up developing hypothyroidism. Treatment involves taking medicine to replace the thyroid hormones (such as levothyroxine , triiodothyronine).

الوقاية

There are no known ways of preventing hypothyroidism.