تعريف

The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart muscle. Endocarditis is an infection of this lining and the heart valves.

أسباب

Causes of endocarditis include:

  • Bacterial infection, which is the most common cause
  • Viral or fungal infection
  • حالات طبيه that result in blood clotting too easily, causing a noninfectious form

التهاب داخلى بالقلب

عوامل الخطر

Factors that increase your risk of getting endocarditis include:

  • Having an artificial heart valve
  • History of endocarditis
  • History of rheumatic fever, which can damage heart valves
  • Heart defects
  • تضخم القلب
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • History of IV drug use
  • Recent procedures that can lead to bacterial endocarditis, including:
    • Tooth cleaning
    • Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
    • تنظير القصبات
    • Surgery on the gastrointestinal, urinary, or respiratory tracts
    • Gallbladder or prostate surgery

الأعراض

Symptoms of endocarditis include:

  • Fever, chills
  • ضعف ، طاقة منخفضة
  • Sweatiness, especially at night
  • ضيق في التنفس
  • سعال
  • Loss of appetite, فقدان الوزن
  • ألم في الصدر
  • ألم في البطن
  • استفراغ و غثيان
  • Painful red bumps on the fingers and toes
  • Purple dots on the whites of the eyes, under the fingernails, and over the collarbone
  • Painful red patches on the fingers, palms, and soles

التشخيص

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor will check your heart for unusual heart sounds. These are calledheart murmurs.

Tests include:

  • Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with blood tests.
  • Your heart may be examined. This can be done with echocardiogram.

العلاج

قد يشمل العلاج ما يلي:

  • Antibiotics—given through your veins for up to 4-8 weeks
  • Surgery—to repair or replace the valve if it is severely damaged or has caused heart failure

الوقاية

If you have a high risk of infection:

  • You may need to take antibiotics before certain dental or medical procedures.
  • Talk to your dentist or doctor before the procedure.

The American Heart Association guidelines recommend that preventive antibiotic therapy should be considered for individuals with the following cardiac conditions:

  • Various forms of congenital heart disease—heart defects
  • Artificial heart valves
  • History of endocarditis
  • Heart transplant recipients who have developed valve disease

Avoiding illegal IV drugs will also decrease your risk of infection.

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