Definition
Acute interstitial nephritis is a kidney disorder that happens when the kidneys are unable to filter waste and fluid properly. This is a potentially serious condition that requires care from your doctor.
Causes
Acute interstitial nephritis can be caused by:
- Infections such as:
- Streptococcus
- Herpes
- Mumps
- Hepatitis C
- Syphilis
- HIV
- Particular medications (accounts for 85% of all cases)
- Certain antibiotics
- Anti-ulcer drugs
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Certain diuretics
- Conditions that affect the immune system (eg, lupus)
Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance for getting a disease or condition. Risk factors that increase your chance of developing acute interstitial nephritis include:
- In adults: drug or medication use
- In children: infection
Symptoms
If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to acute interstitial nephritis. These symptoms may be caused by other, less serious health conditions. If you experience any of them, see your physician.
- Decrease in urine output
- Blood in urine
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Weakness
- Aching joints
- Fever
- Rash
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Tests may include:
- Blood Tests
- Urine tests
- Kidney ultrasound
- Kidney biopsy —in severe cases
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. You treatment will depend on the cause of your acute interstitial nephritis. Treatment options include the following:
Medications
If medications are the cause of your interstitial nephritis, your doctor may have you stop taking medications or prescribe a different one.
Antibiotics used to treat an infection and a corticosteroid or cyclophosphamide medicine may also be used to treat interstitial nephritis. Usually, a kidney biopsy is done to confirm the diagnosis before starting a corticosteroid or cyclophosphamide.
Dialysis
Some people with interstitial nephritis need dialysis. During dialysis, a machine does the work of your kidneys by removing waste.
Prevention
To help reduce your chances of developing acute interstitial nephritis, your doctor may suggest you avoid certain medications such as penicillin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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